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ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY QUESTIONS ARDMS REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED

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ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY QUESTIONS ARDMS REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED AND ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY QUESTIONS ARDMS REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED AND ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY QUESTIONS ARDMS REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED AND

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  • November 8, 2024
  • 61
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Pharmacology
  • Pharmacology
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ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY
QUESTIONS ARDMS REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED AND GRADED A+

1. Example of prehepatic portal hypertension: portal vein thrombosis

2. Example of intrahepatic portal hypertension: cirrhosis

3. Example of posthepatic portal hypertension: budd-chiari syndrome

4. Identify causes of renal vein thrombosis: 1. Ivc or renal vein extrinsic

compression

2. Nephrotic syndrome

3. Renal tumors

4. Renal allografts

5. Trauma

5. List 4 sonographic indications for acute renal vein thrombosis: 1. Dilated

thrombosed renal vein

2. Absence of venous flow within the kidney



, .

3. Enlarged hypoechoic kidney

4. High resistive renal artery waveform

6. What is the most common cause of acute renal failure?: acute tubular

necrosis is the most common cause of acute renal failure. Causes include: shock,

trauma, sepsis and drug toxicity. Renal enlargement and increased resistive index

may be seen associated with atn.

7. Sonographically, how is obstructive nephropathy differentiated from

nonobstructive nephropathy?: obstructive nephropathy (hydronephrosis) is

diagnosed using an intrarenal resistivity index (ri) threshold of greater than 0.7.

This method of determining obstruction is only relevant to acute obstruction. The

resistive index may be normal in chronic obstruction. Nonobstructive nephropathy

will have resistive index values of less than 0.7.

8. Ureteropelvic junction (upj) obstruction is a common congenital

anomaly. What genitourinary tract anomaly is commonly associated with

contralateral upj obstruction?: unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney is

commonly associated with a contralateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

9. Renal calculi are the most common cause of obstruction in patients

with acute flank pain. Name three common locations within the urinary tract





,for obstruction from a renal calculi.: 1. Ureterovesical junction(most

common***) 2. Ureteropelvic junction

3. Ureteric obstruction at level of pelvic inlet

10. Resistive index is a measurement used to evaluate renal transplants,

assess suspected hydronephrosis, evaluate medical renal disease, and

evaluate suspected renal neoplasms. What is the formula for resistive index?:

resistive index= peak systolic freq-end diastolic freq/ peak systolic freq

11 describe the waveform characteristics of the arterial side of an

arteriovenous fistula: the waveform of the arterial side of an arteriovenous fistula

demonstrates an abnormally low resistive arterial flow pattern. This means a

waveform with increased and sustained diastolic flow.

12. Describe the waveform characteristics of the venous side of an

arteriovenous fistula: the venous side of an arteriovenous fistula demonstrates a

waveform with increased velocity, pulsatility and with spectral broadening due to

turbulence.

13. List 4 sonographic criteria for determining renal artery stenosis: 1.

Kidney size less than 9 cm in length

2. Peak main renal artery velocity > 180 cm/sec





, .

3. Renal artery/aorta ratio > 3.5

4. Intrarenal parvus tardus waveform

14. Describe the sonographic appearance of a ureterocele: round, cystic

structures that project into the bladder lumen at the ureterovesical junction

15. Name the structure that connects the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus-

: median umbilical ligament ( urachus)

16. What is the term that describes cystic dilatation of the median umbilical

ligament (urachus): urachal cyst - seen as an echo-free tubular structure in the

lower abdomen that extends from the umbilicus to the dome of the bladder

17. What object is placed in the ivc to prevent the ascension of lower extremity

thrombus into the lungs?: greenfield filter

18. What role can ultrasound play in the evaluation of the greenfield filter?:

can determine location

19. Trace the sequence of branching renal arteries from the aorta to the renal

capsule: main renal artery segmental arteries interlobar arteries arcuate

arteries interlobar arteries

20. Which arteries of the kidneys are positioned between the medullary

pyramids?: interlobar arteries

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