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ESS 345 CHAPTER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

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ESS 345 CHAPTER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED What is ATP, how is it formed, and how does it provide energy during metabolism? Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy phosphate compound from which the body derives its energy. Carbohydrates, fats, and protein ...

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  • November 7, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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ESS 345 CHAPTER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

What is ATP, how is it formed, and how does it provide energy during

metabolism?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy phosphate compound from which the

body derives its energy. Carbohydrates, fats, and protein allow energy to be delivered to

synthesize ATP. ATP captures chemical energy obtained by the breakdown of the three

substrates and releases fuel to other cellular processes.



ATP+water+ATPase->ADP+Pi+energy

What is the primary substrate used to provide energy at rest? During high-

intensity exercise?

At rest= More fat



Short-term exercise= More carbohydrates



Long-duration exercise= Fat and Carbohydrates

What is the role of PCr in energy production, and what are its limitations?

Describe the relationship between muscle ATP and PCr during sprint exercise.

Phosphocreatine (PCr, or creatine phosphate) regenerates ATP to maintain a relatively

constant supply under resting conditions. Creatine kinase separates Pi from creatine

which adds to ADP to create ATP avoiding ATP depletion. The limitations for PCr are

, very rapid and don't need oxygen to be completed.



-Decreased ATP(Increased ADP)= Increased Creatine Kinase

-Increased ATP(Decreased ADP)= Decreased Creatine Kinase



During sprinting, ATP is maintained at a constant level but PCr declines steadily to

replenish ATP. At exhaustion, both ATP and PCr are low and unable to provide further

energy for muscle contraction and relaxation.

Describe the essential characteristic of the three energy systems.

ATP-PCr

Anaerobic (no O2 required)

Substrate: Phosphocreatine (PCr)

Location: Sarcoplasm/Cytoplasm

Duration:~3-15 sec in maximal exercise

ATP yield: 1 ATP from 1 PCr

Glycolysis

Anaerobic (no O2 required)

Substrate: Glucose or glycogen

Location: Sarcoplasm/Cytoplasm

Duration: 15 sec to 90 sec (2 min)

End product: Pyruvic acid (pyruvate)

ATP yield: 2 ATP from glucose

3 ATP from glycogen

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