Summary
Summary SCB 204 Urinary system study guide
- Course
- SCB 204
- Institution
- Laguardia Community College
Detailed Study Guide on the urinary system.
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Urinary system =composed of a pair of kidneys and urinary tractWhat are the 7 functions of the kidneys?
1.filter blood to remove metabolic waste products and eliminated when urine exits the blood
2. modify resulting fluid for following .
3. Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis by regulating osmolarity (blood solute concentration) by either
conserving or eliminating water and electrolytes
4. Acid-base and by conserving or eliminating hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3−)
5. Directly influence blood pressure by controlling blood volume and by secreting an enzyme that
influences blood volume and peripheral vascular resistance 6. Regulate red blood cell production
(erythropoiesis) by releasing hormone erythropoietin
7. Vital to many other metabolic functions including: detoxifying substances in blood, activating
vitamin D, and making new glucose (gluconeogenesis).
Functions of the kidneys=removes metabolic waste from the blood; forms urine
Functions of the ureter=tubes approximately 10 inches long that transport urine away from the kidneys
to the urinary bladder.
Functions of the urinary bladder=A hollow extensible, muscular organ that temporarily holds urine
Is the urinary bladder smaller in males or females=smaller in female, larger in male
Capacity of the urinary bladder=approximately 470 mL; at 250-300 mL you begin to feel the urge to
urinate; when full, the top of the bladder can reach to the level of the umbilicus.
Length of urethra in males and females=male 8-9 inches; female 1.5 inches
Dimensions and shape of the kidneys=4.5 inches by 2.5 inches by 1 inch; bean shaped
Which kidney is larger in humans and the cat=Left is larger in humans as well as higher, right is larger in
Cat
, Position of kidneys=it lie against the dorsal abdominal wall, below the waist line, behind the abdominal
peritoneum
Function of adipose with the kidneys=cushions the kidneys and helps to hold them in place.
Three major regions of the kidneys=cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis.
Cortex=outer one third layer, granular appearance, renal columns are part of the cortex that extended
into some areas of the medulla
Medulla=inner two thirds layer, striated in appearance, consist of renal pyramids
renal pelvis=a funnel shaped sue that forms the upper end of the ureter, collects urine
calyx=a smaller region of the renal pelvis, collects urine
renal pyramids=conical masses that make up medulla
nephron=the functional unit
How many nephrons are present in one kidney=approximately 1 million per kidney
Bowman's Capsule=expanded end of a nephron, encloses glomerulus
function of Bowman's Capsule=filters blood to form urine from metabolic waste
Glomerulus=rounded mass of capillaries enclosed by Bowman's capsule , the filtering structure in the
formation of urine
How does diffusion occur in the glomerulus=high pressure of blood in glomerulus causes materials to
diffuse out of vessels and into Bowman's capsule
passage of blood=blood enters through an afferent vessel and leaves glomerulus through an efferent
vessel
name 3 renal tubules=proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule
Where does filtrate go from the Bowman's capsule=the filtrates from Bowman's capsule pass through
the tubules and certain components are reabsorbed into capillaries that surround the tubules
Glycosuria=excess sugar in urine urology= study of urinary Tract
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