✓ * responds to low volume in the renal artery and constricts vessels and retains
water
✓ -Vit. D: activation
Urinary System: Changes w/ age
✓ -loss of nephrons and the muscle thickens
✓ -GFR decreases by less than half by age 80
✓ -renal function decreases
✓ -loss of erythropoietin causing anemia
✓ -bladder muscle weakens and is replaced with connective tissue
✓ * this leads the inability to empty all the way
✓ -urine production does not decrease at night
✓ -incontinence in female
✓ -obstruction in male
✓ * less able to concentrate or dilute urine
✓ * slower excretion of medication
✓ -detects bacteria
✓ - > then 100000 indicates UTI
Creatinine clearance
✓ - measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the
kidney
✓ -85-125ml/day in 24 hour urine specimen
✓ -Best test for kidney function
Creatinine
✓ -0.6-1.5ml/dL
✓ - waste product of skeletal muscle breaking down
✓ -compared with clearance to determine filtration
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
✓ -8-25ml/dL
✓ -waste product of protein break down
Uric acid
✓ -2-7mg/dL
✓ -High levels are noted in gout, infections, kidney disease, alcoholism, high protein
diets, and with toxemia in pregnancy. -Low levels may be indicative of kidney disease,
malabsorption, poor diet, liver damage or an overly acid kidney
Post Void Residual
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