,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a primary
component of evidence-based practice in healthcare improvement?
a) Expert opinion
b) Patient preferences
c) Financial considerations
d) Institutional policies
Answer: b) Patient preferences
Rationale: Evidence-based practice places significant emphasis on
incorporating patient preferences alongside clinical expertise and
the best available evidence.
2. True/False: The PICO framework is irrelevant when
formulating questions for evidence-based practice.
Answer: False
Rationale: The PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison,
Outcome) framework is crucial for developing focused clinical
questions in evidence-based practice.
3. Fill-in-the-Blank: The process of systematically reviewing and
appraising the most current and relevant studies to Answer a
specific clinical question is known as a ____________.
, Answer: Systematic Review
Rationale: A systematic review is a methodical and
comprehensive literature review focused on a particular research
question.
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the following
are considered levels of evidence in the hierarchy of evidence-
based practice?
a) Randomized controlled trials
b) Expert opinion
c) Case reports
d) Cohort studies
Answers: a) Randomized controlled trials, d) Cohort studies
Rationale: Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies
provide higher levels of evidence, whereas expert opinion and case
reports are considered lower levels of evidence.
5. True/False: Meta-analyses provide weaker evidence than
individual studies due to the potential for data aggregation errors.
Answer: False
Rationale: Meta-analyses, which combine data from multiple
studies, can provide stronger evidence by increasing the sample size
and statistical power.
, 6. Multiple Choice: In the context of healthcare improvement,
what does the term 'benchmarking' refer to?
a) Setting minimum standards of care
b) Comparing performance metrics to best practices
c) Assessing patient satisfaction
d) Evaluating financial efficiency
Answer: b) Comparing performance metrics to best practices
Rationale: Benchmarking in healthcare involves comparing
performance indicators to industry standards or best practices to
identify areas of improvement.
7. Fill-in-the-Blank: The ____________ model is a framework for
implementing changes in practice by identifying a problem,
analyzing the evidence, planning the change, implementing the
change, and evaluating the results.
Answer: PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act)
Rationale: The PDSA cycle is a widely used model for quality
improvement in healthcare that promotes continuous improvement
through iterative testing and learning.
8. Multiple Response: Which of the following outcomes are
important when evaluating healthcare improvements? Select all that
apply.
a) Patient mortality rates
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