SHS 465 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS
4 features that make babbling communicative at or around 9-months - Answer- • Commenting
• Requesting
• Acknowledging
• Negation
First true speech sounds develop at 4-6 months - Answer- P, B, M
Prelinguistic Stage (birth to 1 year) ...
SHS 465 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ALL CORRECT ANSWERS
4 features that make babbling communicative at or around 9-months - Answer- •
Commenting
• Requesting
• Acknowledging
• Negation
First true speech sounds develop at 4-6 months - Answer- P, B, M
Prelinguistic Stage (birth to 1 year) - Answer- • reflexive vocalizations (such as crying,
fussing, coughing, and burping)
• non-reflexive vocalizations (including cooing, vocal play, and babbling)
• real words are embedded in babbled phrases at the end of this stage
First Words Stage (1 year to 18 months) - Answer- • Early words learned as whole units
(not sequence of segments)
• Consonant production variable
• Active selection and avoidance strategies used
Phonemic Development Stage (18 months to 4 years) - Answer- • rule-based strategy
which results in more stable correspondence between child's pronunciations and adult
target
• rapid vocabulary increase that corresponds with a relaxation of the selection
constraints on adult words that the child attempts to produce
Stabilization of the Phonological System Stage (4 to 8 years) - Answer- • stabilization of
consonants that had been variably produced
• acquisition of the last phonemes required for completion of their phonetic inventory
· 3 hypotheses regarding prelinguistic production - Answer- 1. infants babble all sounds
possible
2. infants follow invariant stages
3. infants follow stages with environmental effect
Three Stages of Early communicative
Development - Answer- * Perlocutionary
*Illocutionary
, *Locutionary
perlocutionary - Answer- partner perceived
illocutionary - Answer- intentional (non verbal)
locutionary - Answer- symbolic communication
Boysson-Bardies & Vihman: 1991- result of the study - Answer- • Babbling coexists with
the production of first words for 4-5 months
• The coexistence of babbling and words occurs prior to a vocabulary
expansion
• Infant speech and language development is dependent on articulatory tendencies, and
the influence of the phonetic environment
Social interaction between baby and environment- refer to Kuhl, 2007 - Answer- •
Infants who received exposure to Mandarin through human interaction could
discern Mandarin sounds
• Infants who received exposure to Mandarin via TV could not discriminate
sounds
• Suggests that language learning is part of a social interaction
· Features of Infant- Directed Speech - Answer- Higher pitch, slower tempos, shorter
MLU, repetitive, more questions
· Cultural variables for interaction with babies - Answer- • Applies to cultural dialects of
English as well
• Other cultures may approach infants
differently
· What are strategies that caretakes can use to stimulate conversation with infants? -
Answer- Wait and listen
Follow the child's lead
Join in and play
Be face-to-face
Variety of questions and labels
Encourage turn-talking
Expand, extend child's attempts
o Furrow, Nelson & Benedict (1979) - Answer- * 7 children observed at 18 months and
then 27 months and a wide range of language measures were recorded
* Adult speech needs to be at an intermediate level of complexity
Della Corta, Benedict & Klein (1983) - Answer- *5 mothers in each group were recorded
during caretaking events(bathing, dressing, etc.)
*Referential's did better than the expressive's
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