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Genetic engineering HT Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Biology GCSE Questions and Answers
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Genetic engineering HT Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Biology GCSE Questions and Answers
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Genetic engineering HT Inheritance,Variation and Evolution Biology GCSE
Questions and Answers
Genetic engineering - Answer-A process which involves modifying the genome of an
organism by introducing a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic
Genetically modified organism (GMO) - Answer-An organism that has had its genetic
information or genes manipulated, usually by genetic engineering
Genome - Answer-The entire genetic composition of an organism
Genetic engineering in plants - Answer-Plant crops have been genetically engineered to
be resistant to diseases or produce bigger and better fruits
Making insect-resistant plants - Answer-A gene responsible for making a toxin that kills
insects is isolated from a ground-dwelling bacterium and is inserted into plants, using
vectors
Genetic engineering in bacterial cells - Answer-Bacterial cells have been genetically
engineered to produce useful substances such as human insulin to treat diabetes
Making insulin - Answer-A gene responsible for making insulin is isolated from cells of
the human pancreas and is inserted via vectors into bacteria that can rapidly reproduce
Use of enzymes in genetic engineering - Answer-Enzymes are used to isolate a
required gene from an organism with a desirable characteristic
Use of vectors in genetic engineering - Answer-The isolated required gene is inserted
into a vector, which is then used to insert the gene into the required cells
Vectors - Answer-Bacterial plasmids or viruses that can transfer DNA from one
organism to another
Bacterial plasmid - Answer-A small ring of extra DNA found in bacterial cells, plasmids
are cut open with enzymes and an isolated gene is inserted into them
Virus - Answer-A non-living infectious agent that releases genetic information into a host
cell to replicate itself, isolated genes can be inserted into a virus which can copy it into
cells
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