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Biology Genetic Technology Exam Questions and Answers
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Biology Genetic Technology Exam Questions and Answers
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Biology Genetic Technology ExamQuestions and Answers
some important notes - Answer-1. in prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur
simultaneously (no nuclear membrane)
2. why is DNA the genetic material and note RNA? *it is believed that the first cells used
RNA as the genetic material. DNA is more stable than RNA.*
copying and sequencing DNA: *polymerase chain reaction (PCR)* - Answer-- method of
amplifying (that is, rapidly copying) DNA in a laboratory
1. DNA to be copied/replicated is heated separating the 2 strands
2. DNA primers (short, artificially created DNA sequences with base sequences
complimentary to the first portion of the DNA being copied) are added and join with their
complimentary bases, thus providing a plce for DNA polymerase to start working
3. complimentary DNA nucleotides are added
DNA fingerprinting - Answer-- used to prove or disprove identity based on an individual's
genetic sequence
- restriction enzymes (or restriction endonucleases), which cut DNA between specific
base sequences, are used
1. DNA sample taken from scene of a crime
2. this DNA is exposed to a restriction enzyme, cutting it into several pieces
3. a gel electrophoresis is run during which the cut segments of DNA are placed in a gel
and separated using an electric current: shorter fragments travel further: a banding
pattern or fingerprint is produced
4. another DNA sample is taken from a suspect, and the same procedure is performed
5. if the 2 individuals are not the same, their DNA can't be the same and the restriction
enzymes will cut the DNA at different locations creating different sized pieces, and,
thus, a different banding pattern
6. if the fingerprints are identical, that emans the DNA is the same and this can only
hapen if it was taken from the same person = GUILTY!
gel electrophoresis - Answer-- used to determine the exact nucleotide sequence of a
strand of DNA (DNA sequencing)
- has been used to
a) determine all base sequences of the human genome
b) determine the base sequences of other organisms (helpful in determining
evolutionary relationships)
genetic engineering / biotechnology / recombinant DNA technology - Answer-- branch of
science that uses recombinant DNA techniques for practical purposes
recombinant DNA - Answer-- DNA that comes from more than one source
- DNA form one organism with DNA from another organism spliced in
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