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HTHSCI 1RR3 TEST 2 (Units 4,5,6)
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HTHSCI 1RR3 TEST 2 (Units 4,5,6)
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HTHSCI 1RR3 TEST 2 UNITS 4,5,6QUESTIONS & VERIFIED RATIONALIZED
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oOccupation is a type of which social determinants of health? - STRUCTURAL social determinants of
health inequities, specifically under socioeconomic position
In general, unemployment and job insecurity lead to: - Poor health outcomes, both physically and
mentally.
Employment protection in Canada: - Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Purpose of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): - Sets standards for
responsible business conduct across a range of issues such as human rights, labour rights, and the
environment.
What is Canada's rank in the employment protection index which protects employment and provides
benefits to temporary workers? - Canada ranks poorly - 35th out of 36th.
Why are working conditions important SDoH? - - Great amount of time spent in workplace
- People already vulnerable are most likely to experience health threatening working conditions
Key work dimensions shaping health outcomes - job strain, effort-reward imbalance, organizational
justice, work hours, status inconsistency, precarious work
Job strain - exists when people's autonomy over their work and their ability to use their skills are low,
while the psychological demands placed upon them are high
effort-reward imbalance - - When efforts are perceived to be higher than rewards, this leads to
emotional distress.
,- It underlines the health importance of rewards (monetary, esteem, respect) being in line with the
demands (pressure and responsibility at work).
Organizational justice - reflects the extent to which people perceive that their supervisor considers their
viewpoints, shares information concerning decision making, and treats individuals fairly.
Work hours - The number of hours usually worked. Too many (burnout) and too few hours (income
insecurity) are both related to health problems.
Status inconsistency - aka "goal-striving stress." When an individual's level of education is higher than
the skills he/she requires for the occupation.
Precarious work - Employment that is uncertain, unstable, and insecure across various dimensions of
work.
It is also associated with social and economic vulnerability.
Key points from TED Talk - Guy Standing: What is the precariat: - - Individuals who work precarious jobs
- Unstable labour and living conditions
- Full-time labour hours
- Individuals rely on wages - no sick pays, vacation pays, or pension
Trends of precious work in professions: - - more than 1 in 5 Canadian professionals have precious jobs
(2018).
- Healthcare professionals have high incidence of precarious jobs due to unit closures (moving from one
workplace to another)
- Workers at Toronto Public Library also have high incidence of precarious jobs due to unpredictable work
schedules (from the TED Talk)
Why is precarious work higher in the OLDER population than younger population? - "It could be that the
labour market is squeezing older professionals out of secure jobs, but more research is required to
understand the nature of the age differential."
, Why is precarious work higher for professionals with less than five years of experience? - Research
suggests that experience pays off. Low experience = high incidence of precarious employment, and vice
versa.
Historical labour market transformation: - - Farming/agriculture
- 1st and 2nd industrial revolution
- 3rd industrial revolution: technology/knowledge economy
- 4th industrial revolution: artificial intelligence
Trends of the labour market today: - - Careers related to developing projects (such as project
management, consultant, coordinator)
- Individuals work in several jobs over the course of a lifetime
- More "boundaryless" careers as opposed to "vertical ladder" careers
Boundaryless career - - often represents tech/knowledge economy: mobile work, networks and virtual
communities of practice
- more "flexibility" in jobs and self-employment
- false sense of self-employment
- precarious work
- new classifications of employment statuses (casual, contract, temporary, part-time, etc.)
- "gig" economy
Traditional career - Represents industrial work - one stop shop, first job/last job, climbing the vertical
ladder
What is Canada's unemployment rate? - Remained unchanged at 5.7 % in August 2019
Unemployment rate - the percentage of the labor force (15-64 y.o.) actively looking for a job
Employment rate - The number of people employed divided by the total labour force expressed as a
percentage
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