Exam (elaborations)
Ergonomics (CIH) Questions and Answers 2024
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Exam of 6 pages for the course CIH at CIH (Ergonomics (CIH))
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Ergonomics (CIH)Lateral Rotation - answer Turning away from the midline
Medial Rotation - answer Turning towards the midline of the body
Flexion - answer Decreasing the angle (between 2 adjacent bones)
Extension - answer Increasing the angle (between 2 adjacent bones)
Psychophysical Evaluations - answer-Develop population percentages of the male and
female population that can be expected to perform a task without overexertion.
-Holds all but one variable constant and allows subjects to adjust the variable to their
"liking".
Biomechanical Analysis/Evaluation - answer Requires a measurement of distances,
weights, and angles to calculate the internal load moment required to offset the external
load moment on the spine in the static sagittal plane.
-Calculation of compressive forces at the L5/S1 lumbosacral disc from internal forces of
the back extensor muscles and intra-abdominal pressure used to resist the load
moments of lifting.
Physiological Analysis - answerMeasures used: heart rate, Kcal/min, and oxygen intake
-Example: Measures the effect of MMH tasks on body functions (i.e., heart rate, oxygen
uptake, etc.)
Maximum Aerobic Activity - answerMaximum amount of work that can be done when
there is enough oxygen to supply the muscles. AKA physical work, endurance, or
capacity.
Force plates - answer-Used to study the ground reaction force that resists the feet
during standing, walking, or running. (or measures it)
Abduction - answerAway from the body(median plane).
Example: A movement of a body segment in a lateral plane away from the midline of the
body.
Adduction - answerTowards the body. "Adds mass to the body".
Reliability - answerReliability can be thought of in terms of reliability of measurement
and validity, human performance, and system reliability. Statistical correlations,
probability of human error, and probability of successful system performance are
, measures of reliability. How often a system breaks down could be used to calculate the
failure probability which would be a reliability measure.
Ulnar nerve - answerruns outside the carpal tunnel and passes beside a small bone in
the wrist called the pisiform bone.
Causes the numbness in the pinky when hitting the funny bone.
Anthropometric data uses - answerAutomobile seats and office chairs are often
designed to have adjustable ranges for small (5th percentile female) to large (95th
percentile male). Doorways and escape hatches may be designed for the extreme
individual (large male). Although there are very few people that are "average" in all
anthropometric dimensions, some items such as supermarket checkout counters are
designed to accommodate "average" height individuals.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - answerSymptoms: numbness, loss of feeling in grip, loss of
hand use & funct.(extreme case only from severe degradation of median nerve), loss of
hot/cold feeling, decreased strength, difficulty doing simple manipulative tasks
-Autonomic nerve damage can cause sweat funct to fail=dry shiny skin.
-Phalen described in 1960's, called it ape hand.
-Women are more likely to develop CTS
VO2=VE(FIO2-FE02)/100 - answerOxygen consumption calc.
The estimation of O2 uptake in the lungs is made by measuring the amount of air
exchanged per minute and determining the amount of oxygen in the inspired and
expired air. VO2 is O2 uptake in the lungs per minute. VE is minute ventilation in liters
per minute. FIO2
Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) - answer-aka max. torque.
-the maximum force output of a muscle or group of muscles
Causes of increase in ergo field - answerBhopal and Three Mile Island brought to the
forefront the impact of human error, equipment design, and the potential for catastrophic
loss. Overall, OSHA activity in ergonomics, potential federal ergonomics regulations,
and a rising number of workplace design complaints and injuries heightened the need
for ergonomic evaluations in the workplace. Product liability claims and their human
factors aspects and increased it.
Coefficient of friction - answerUsed to minimize slips.
0.5 is generally recognized as the minimum for safety
Power grip - answer...
Pinch grip - answerLeast strong/most stressful.
-Objects are held between the fingers and the thumb
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