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CIH Toxicology (15-35 questions) Questions and Answers 100%Solved
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CIH Toxicology (15-35 questions)
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CIH Toxicology (15-35 questions)Epoxies can cause - answer Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Flour Dust – answer Ashman,
sensitization,
allergic rhinitis
FEV1 - answer Asbestos lung function test
Anthracene - answer*Photosensitization* irritation,
component of coal tar, not carcinogen,
*Route*: Inhalation, Skin,
*Industry*: Coal miners and Asphalt,
Its a PAH (3 ring)
Ataxia - answer Loss of full control of body movements,
[Organophosphates]
Dose Response Curve: Steep vs. Gradual Curve - answer Steep Slope - higher risk as
dose increases, all subjects react similiarly
Shallow Curve - increase in dose has minimal effect, variable response
2 General Hydrocarbon/Solvent Rules - answerIncrease in carbon Chain = Increase in
CNS effect,
Halogens increase CNS effect
Carbon Tetrachloride - answer*Fatty Liver*
Acute - CNS, narcosis, dizziness, *Oliguria (decrease urine)*,
Chronic - *liver and kidney* damage,
Exposure Route - Inhalation, ingestion, skin,
Possible Carcinogen
Radium - answerAnemia, Cataracts, Fractured teeth, Cancer/death, Radium jaw
(necrosis of jaw bone),
*Sequestered in bones*
Degreaser's Flush - answerChlorinated aliphatic and alcohol,
- skin welts/reactions
3 Examples for Inhibition of Oxygen Transfer - answerCO, H2S, HCN
,Blocks Hemoglobin Oxygen Transport - answerCarbon Monoxide,
binds with hemoglobin at same site of oxygen and binds more readily than oxygen
Metabolism - answerBIOTRANSFORMATION
Makes chemicals more water soluble for excretion
CYP P450 - answerLiver *enzyme* that detoxifies substances,
Makes them easier to be excreted.
Toxicokinetics - answerMovement and distribution of toxicants in the body,
(what happens when it enters the body?)
Zero-Order vs First-Order Kinetics - answer*Zero-Order* - Metabolism constant; detox
rate is unaffected by exposure rate.
*First-Order* - Metabolism increases with level of exposure
Toxicokintetic Model - answerExposure level order:
Passive elimination,
Detoxification (bioactivation) ,
Significant burden
3 Toxicokinetic Rules - answer1) Water soluble go directly from small intestine to liver
via blood.
2) Non-soluble usually less toxic.
3) Chemicals tend to be most toxic thru the highest entry exposure route (usually lungs)
Common Contact Dermatitis Occupations - answerMagazine printers,
Agriculture (pesticides),
Artists,
Auto/aircraft manufacturers,
Mechanics (solvents)
Skin Photosensitization - answerTar Pitch,
Anthracene,
St. Johns Wart,
Horse Brush,
Tetracycline,
Urticaria - answer*Skin Disorder* -
Smooth, elecated patches that are redder or paler than surrounding skin
Skin Absorbtion - answerLipid Soluble = *Non-polar*,
Organophosphates
Tachydysrhythmia
(4 chemicals) - answerAbnormal Heart Rate,
, Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (DDT),
Aromatic Solvents (toluene, xylene, naptha),
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons,
Halo-Fluorocarbons
Cardiomyopathy
(4 chemicals) - *LACA* - answerDamage to Heart Muscle.
Lead, Arsenic, Cobalt, Alcohol *LACA*
Carbon Monoxide's effect to cardiovascular system... - answerBlood Vessel Damage
Heavy Metal effects on Kidney - answerVasoconstriction (Narrowing of blood vessels),
Block sulfhydryls (causes kidney sequestration),
Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Chromium
Dimethylmercury - answerOrganic Mercury,
Extremely deadly,
Single drop on *skin* can cause death,
Strongest known neurotoxin,
Slow death
Nephrotoxins - answer- CADMIUM
- Heavy Metals
- Halogenated Aliphatic Solvents
- Phosgene (from CCl4, TCE)
Tox Mechanism:
Interference with enzymes - answer
Tox Mechanism:
Uncoupling of biochemical reactions - answer
Tox Mechanism:
Synthesis of toxic metabolite - answerMethanol to Formaldehyde
IPA to Acetone
Acrylonitrile to Cyanide
Tox Mechanism:• Removal of metallic co-factors - answerChelation
Tox Mechanism:
Interference with general cellular functions - answer
Tox Mechanisms:
Immunosuppression or hypersensitization - answer
Tox Mechanisms:
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