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Biological Anthropology Exam #4 Questions and Answers
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Biological Anthropology Exam #4 Questions and Answers
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Biological Anthropology Exam #4Questions and Answers
Defining Archaic Homo sapiens (Homo heidelbergensis) - Answer-- 500,000 years ago
Chin
- Smaller Supraorbital Torus and Smaller Occipital Torus
- Spherical vs Ovoid brain case
- 1100-1390 cc (av modern humans at 1350)
Archaic H. sapiens have a pronounced chin compared to modern humans? True or
False - Answer-False
The skull shape of archaic H. sapiens is...
- Spherical shaped
- Oval shaped
- Shaped by cranial wrapping
- All of the above - Answer-- Oval shaped
Transition: Homo erectus to Homo sapiens - Answer-- 2 to 1.8 mya H. erectus left Africa
* Resulted in isolated populations
- Between 1 million and 500,000 years ago
- Did one group evolve in to H. sapiens?
- Multiple Lines vs Gene Flow
Where have Archaic Homo sapiens been found? - Answer-- Europe
- Africa
- Asia
- Australia and the Americas?
Archaic Homo sapiens in Europe - Answer-- Steinheim Skull
* Germany
* Approx 350 kya
- Petralona
* Greece
-* Appx 600 kya
- Arago 21
* Tautavel, France
* 450 kya
Archaic Homo sapiens in Africa - Answer-- South and East
* Broken Hill, Zambia (Rhodesia)
* 600 kya
Archaic Homo sapiens in Asia - Answer-- Zhoukoudian
, * China
* 600 kya
Archaic Homo sapiens - Answer-- Culture
* Fire
+ Used but not made by 400 kya
+ Made fire by 125,000
* Homesites
* Language
Defining Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens - Answer-- Large and gracile skull
- Rounded cranium
- Large, pyramidal mastoid process
- Smaller face
- Canine fossa
- Chin
- Long lower limbs
Neandertal Anatomy and DNA
- Cranial - Answer-- Double-arched brow ridges
- No canine fossa
- No chin
- Long and low vault
- Midfacial projection
- Large juxtamastoid eminence
- 1600cc cranial capacity
Neandertal Anatomy and DNA cont.
- Teeth - Answer-- Worn anterior teeth
- Upper incisors have thick enamel on lingual surface
Health and Disease - Answer-- Evidence of traumatic injury: Neandertals lived hard
lives. Most skeletal remains show injury
- Why so many skeletal injuries?
* Too close to prey while hunting?
* Fractures may vary by geographic region according to the ruggedness of terrain
Ritual and Symbolic Behavior - Answer-- Diverse data in Neandertal archaeological
record to indicate symbolic behavior
- Mousterian sites: some incised bones recovered
- Pierced animal teeth may have been items of personal adornment
- an incised plate of a mammoth tooth, from the site of Tata
Neanderthals
- Anatomical Differences - Answer-- Heavy Supraorbital Torus
- Occipital Torus
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