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Introduction to Biological Anthropology Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers
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Introduction to Biological Anthropology Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers
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Introduction to Biological AnthropologyExam 1 Questions with Correct Answers
Anthropology - Answer-the study of human culture, diversity, and evolution
Cultural Anthropology - Answer-ethnography, urban, medical, economic, applied
Physical Anthropology - Answer-paleoanthropology, paleo-primatology, genetics,
primatology, forensics, paleopathology
Linguistics - Answer-unto itself!
Archeology - Answer-prehistoric, historical, cultural resource management
Aristotle - Answer--4th century BC
-great chain of being
-there is a progressive order from "lower" to "higher" organisms
Plato - Answer-created essentialism
Essentialism - Answer--things have a set of unchanging
characteristics that make them what they are
-variation among things is just unimportant deviation from the
"essence"
Beliefs prior to the 1830s - Answer-1. Species are composed of similar individuals
sharing the same essence.
2. Species are separated from one another by well-defined discontinuities.
3. Species are constant through time (i.e., fixed, immutable).
4. There are stringent limitations to the possible variation of any one species.
Teleology - Answer-argument from design
Archbishop James Ussher - Answer--1650
-used annals fo the Old Testament to deduce the first origin of the world
-thought the Earth was created in 4004 BC
-ptolomeic cosmology
-earth is the center of everything
Copernicus - Answer--1514
-he believed the Sun centered the solar system
-no one believed him though
Galileo - Answer--early 1600s
, -repeated Copernican ideas; confrontation with the church led to house arrest
John Ray - Answer--1627-1705
-concept of genus and species
-recognized reproductive continuity and isolation as basic characters of a species
Carolus Linnaeus - Answer--1707-1778
-father of Taxonomy and Systematics
-published the Systema Naturae in 1735
-formalized bionomial system (genus and species)
Linnean hierarchy - Answer--Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
-classified Homo sapiens as an animal
-believed in fixity of species
Compte de Buffon (Georges Louis LeClerc) - Answer--1707-1788
-believed animals change in response to their environment
-no purpose, no direction, no change in nature
-rejected idea of transmutation of species
Erasmus Darwin - Answer--1731-1802
-Darwin's grandfather
-expressed ideas of evolution and transmutation of species long before Darwin
Jean-Baptiste Lamark - Answer--1744-1829
-father of Biology
-first serious theoretical attempt to explain mechanism of evolution
-interaction between organism and environment
-theory of acquired characters
Theory of acquired characters - Answer-"vital essences" sense need through use,
change the form and pass on to offspring
Georges Cuvier - Answer--1769-1832
-paleontologist; concept of extinction (radical notion)
-recognized that different animals occur in different strata (layers of rock)
-explained by "Catastaphism" where different floods wiped out creation, followed by
newer, better creations
-Today's creation (Genesis) is the latest and best
Charles Lyell - Answer--1797-1875
-Father of modern Geology
-wrote Principles of Geology
-Uniformitarianism: geological processes that work today worked in the past
Charles Darwin - Answer--1809-1882
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