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NURS 3525 - Cancer Exam Questions And Answers 100% Correct
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NURS 3525 - Cancer Exam Questions AndAnswers 100% Correct
Group of disease characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth
Cancer
What are 5 examples of types of cancer?
Breast, lungs, colon/rectum, uterus, melanoma, thyroid, kidney, renal, pelvis, pancreas,
leukemia, ovary, brain
Is cancer incidence higher in men or woman?
Woman
What are the defect in proliferation and differentiation stages?
Initiation, promotion, progression
Mutation in cell's genetic structure
Initiation stage
What ways can mutation occur?
Inherited, acquired, carcinogens
Heritable mutation-mutation passed from one generation to the next
Inherited mutation
,Acquired mutation-mutation caused by carcinogens -chemicals, radiation, viral
Acquired mutation
Carcinogen-cancer-causing agents capable of producing cell alterations
Carcinogen
Promotion stage-reversible proliferation of the altered cells (alterations ↑ risk for
mutation)
Promotion stage
What are promoting factors for cancer?
Obesity, smoking, alcohol use,
What can a patient do to reduce the chance of cancer development?
Lifestyle change to modify the potential risk factors
What are the main sites of metastasis?
• Brain & cerebrospinal fluid
Lungs
Liver
Bone
, Increased growth rate of the tumor, increased invasiveness, and metastasis.
Progression
Spread of the cancer to a distant site.
Metastasis (mets)
Lymphocytes continuously check cell-surface antigens and detect/destroy cells with
abnormal or altered cell-surface antigens
Immunological surveillance
What cells detect and cells with abnormal or altered cell-surface antigens?
T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, monocytes & macrophages
Appear on the surface of cancer cells
Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs)
Process by which cancer cells invade the immune system
Immunologic escape of tumor cells
Suppression of factors that activate T cells to respond against tumor cells
Step 1 of the immunological escape of tumor cells
Poor surface antigens enabling tumor cells to "sneak through" immunologic
surveillance
Step 2 of the immunological escape of tumor cells
Induction of immune system tolerance to certain tumor antigens
Step 3 of the immunological escape of tumor cells
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