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N172 Neuro Lecture Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update
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N172 Neuro Lecture Questions and
Correct Answers the Latest Update
What is the most sensitive indicator of a patient's neurological condition?
✓ LOC
What are the first signs of neurological deterioration?
✓ Changes in responses can indicate increasing degrees of confusion and disorientation
How do VS change in response to neuro injury?
✓ Temp: high levels with head trauma due to damage of central neurogenic temp
control in hypothalamus
✓ BP: Increased SBP w/widened pulse w/increased ICP in advanced stages
✓ Pulse: bradycardia w/advanced ICP
Describe decorticate and decerebrate posturing?
✓ Decorticate: turning inward
✓ Decerebrate: turning outward
Describe grey and white matter?
✓ Grey matter: cell bodies and dendrites
✓ White matter: myelinated nerve fibers
Describe afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) nuerons
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✓ afferent (sensory) neurons: receptors in skin, muscles, other impulses and relay
impulses to CNS
✓ efferent (motor) nuerons: transmit impulses from CNS to cause action
Which electrolytes are the chief regulator of membrane potential?
✓ Sodium and Potassium
Describe cholinergic and adrenergic nerves? Where are the receptors for each
one?
✓ Cholinergic: nerves that transmit impulses through release of Acetylcholine
✓ Receptors found in viscera, skeletal muscle cells, adrenal medulla
✓ Adrenergic: nerves that transmit impulses through release of Norepinephrine
✓ Receptors found in heart, lungs, kidneys, blood vessels, all target organs stimulated
by sympathetic division except heart
Alpha-adrenergic receptors cause what?
Beta-adrenergic receptors cause what?
✓ Alpha-adrenergic receptors bind to alpha receptors > arterial vasoconstriction
✓ Beta-adrenergic receptors bid to beta-1 receptors in heart, regulate rate and force
of contraction, Beta-2 receptors in lungs, arteries, liver, uterus (regulate bronchial
diameter, arterial diameter, glycogenesis)
Describe how GABA, dopamine, and serotonin work?
✓ GABA: inhibits CNS function
✓ Dopamine: controls fine movement and emotions
✓ Serotonin: controls sleep, hunger, behavior, affects consciousness
Describe what the following parts of the brain are responsible for?
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Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Cerebellum
Ventricles
Meninges
Circle of Willis
Limbic system
✓ Thalamus: sorting, processing, relaying station for input into cortical region
✓ Hypothalamus: regulation of temp, water metabolism, appetite, emotional
expression, sleep-wake cycle, thirst
✓ Epithalamus: growth and development + pineal body
✓ Midbrain: auditory and visual reflexes
✓ Pons: controls respiration
✓ Medulla Oblongata: controls HR, BP, respiration, swallowing
✓ Cerebellum: coordination and balance, fine movements
✓ Ventricles: chamber filled with CSF fluid
✓ Meninges: covering of CNS composed of 3 connective tissue membranes
✓ Circle of Willis: circle of connected blood vessels that provides alternative routes for
circulation to brain
✓ Limbic system: emotional and behavioral responses to environmental stimuli
if the posterior (sensory) part of the spinal nerve is damaged, what happens?
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