"Specialty" Designation - ️️A term used to indicate specific graduate-school training
programs and not to credential individuals, a concern exists that such labels in the
future may be applied to individual psychologists.
Spousal Rape - ️️When a married man forced his wife to have sexual...
PSY 3260: Forensic Psychology (Exam
1)
"Specialty" Designation - ✔️✔️A term used to indicate specific graduate-school training
programs and not to credential individuals, a concern exists that such labels in the
future may be applied to individual psychologists.
Spousal Rape - ✔️✔️When a married man forced his wife to have sexual relations
against her will. Society once looked the other way, and now is becoming increasingly
aware of and concerned about this act. Current terminology refers to one spouse
sexually assaulting another spouse, not just man to woman.
Aggravating or Mitigating Factors - ✔️✔️When a jury or judge considers whether to
impose the sentence of death, many states provide a consideration of the presence of
any what? (Ex. did the defendant have a history of having been abused?)
Amicus Brief - ✔️✔️Literally, a "friend of the court" brief, filed by an individual or
organization to present arguments in addition to those presented by the immediate
parties to a case. Try to get the judge to rule one way or the other.
Brandeis Briefs - ✔️✔️Briefs that focus on empirical evidence and similar types of
evidence rather than reviewing past cases and statutes
Deduction - ✔️✔️The application of rules or a theory. (From the general to the specific)
Empirical Approach - ✔️✔️An approach in which both existing standards and proposals
for change would be carefully examined for their scientific merit. Standard held by the
APA (American Psychiatric Association).
Forensic Psychology - ✔️✔️Any application of psychological research, methods,
theory, and practice to a task faced by the legal system. (A specialty area by ABPP
(American Board of Professional Psychology and the APA (American Psychology
Association)
Induction - ✔️✔️The generation of rules or a theory. (Uses several specifics to
generate a general rule).
Precedent - ✔️✔️A court ruling based on the outcomes of previous legal decisions in
similar cases.
Reliability - ✔️✔️A measure that shows consistency over time.
, Replicability - ✔️✔️A measure indicating that different investigators are able to produce
similar results.
Sex Stereotyping - ✔️✔️A form of prejudice that can be applied to employment
opportunities, credit ratings, consumer behavior, and so on
Stare Decisis - ✔️✔️"Let the decision stand" This principle is important to many judges,
as they often case follow previously set precedent.
"Subjective Expectation of Privacy" - ✔️✔️A precedent set in the case of California v.
Greenwood (1988) in which the U.S. Supreme Court stated that people have no
expectation of privacy when they put out their garbage for collection.
Trial Consultants - ✔️✔️People who asses the attitudes of people role-playing as jurors
in a trial in order to identify issues perceived by the actual trial jurors; (Jurors bring prior
experience, attitudes, biases, and personal characteristics into the courtroom)
Values - ✔️✔️The standards for decision making, and thus laws are created, amended,
or discarded because society has established standards for what is acceptable and
unacceptable behavior. Society's values can change, leading to new laws, and new
interpretations of existing laws.
Advocates Role - ✔️✔️As far as the presiding judge is concerned, the expert witness at
trial "is cast in the role of a witness, not as one of the advocates and not as a decision
maker"
Amicus Curiae Briefs - ✔️✔️Legal briefs submitted by a "friend of the court" for the
purpose of accompanying appeals and the presentation of psychological issues to
legislative committees or others with power to institute legal change. Raises additional
points of view and presenting information not contained in the briefs of the formal
parties. These briefs attempt to influence a court's decision.
Competency Hearing - ✔️✔️A court proceeding to determine whether the defendant is
mentally well enough to understand the charges filed against him or her and cooperate
with a lawyer in presenting a defense. If a judge believes the defendant to be
incompetent, the trial cannot take place. Does the defendant have the mental capacity
to understand the implications of the act.
Conduit-Educator - ✔️✔️An expert who regards his or her own field as the first priority.
Confidentiality - ✔️✔️The act of holding information in confidence, not to be released to
unauthorized individuals. A particular concern for trial consultants, who need to avoid
unreasonable intrusion into the privacy of others, including members of focus groups or
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