ASB 222 MODULE 1-7 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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Course
ASB 222
Institution
ASB 222
ASB 222 MODULE 1-7 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECTASB 222 MODULE 1-7 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECTASB 222 MODULE 1-7 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECTEarthworks/Land Art - ANSWER-Outdoor works that use the earth and natural materials as their medium
Hopewell: communal ceremonial centers p...
ASB 222 MODULE 1-7 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Earthworks/Land Art - ANSWER-Outdoor works that use the earth and natural materials
as their medium
Hopewell: communal ceremonial centers perhaps used to tie disperse community
together.
Adena: one of first to build earthworks
Mounds - ANSWER-a constructed hill, normally over a burial site
Hopewell: tripartite structure, expressed closure, charnel houses, caches of ceremonial
objects
Agricultural 'mistake' argument - ANSWER-Choosing between limiting population and
increase food production, we chose food and ended up with starvation, warfare, and
tyranny
Agricultural Revolution - ANSWER-The change from food gathering to food production
that occurred between around 8000 and 2000 B.C.E. Also known as the Neolithic
Revolution.
agriculture - ANSWER-the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil
for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other
products.
Poverty Point, LA - ANSWER-Earthwork 2K years prior to Hopewell - type of Adena
Adena Mounds - ANSWER-Adena and Hopewell
500 b.c.-400 a.d. - Ohio River Valleyflat-topped hills formed circles, squares, or other
shapes and were 350 ft across.
Ceremonial enclosures = not defensive works. Surrounded burial mounds or stood
alone
Important tombs log- lined, corpse painted, pipes and tablets engraved with symbols
Some buried in death huts that were burned down ceremoniously
Most were communal mounds and generations added to it.
Not as complex as Hopewell
Hopewell Subsistence System - ANSWER-evidenced by little midden deveolopment
Small, Dispersed hamlets
Farming local crops
Wild game: deer
Wild plants: nuts
,Types and Forms of Hopewell earthworks - ANSWER-elaborate mounds, causeways,
"forts", octagons, circles, squares, often tripartite
Scale was huge
Reasons for building earthworks and mounds - ANSWER-perhaps signified ancestral
passage to underworld
make dispersed community more concrete
some segmentation- perhaps signifying different clan participation
mark ceremonial event
established social and territorial boundaries
Cahokia - ANSWER-Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to
as many as 25,000 Native Americans
native american sacred traditions have roots here.
Religious leaders and rulers may have inherited power -richly decorated graves
Collapsed in 1250
Rich artistic tradition, survived in other cultures right up to European explorers arrived in
1550s in South and Southeast
Weather too harsh to cultivate large civilizations like Maya or Aztec
Long term trend toward greater political elaboration, degree of social ranking and
interdepence
Hohokam - ANSWER-Hohokam identified as:
Farmers in large southern AZ/Pheonix area with same agricultural strategies
Irrigation networks
Unique artifact styles - pottery
Public buildings
Platform mounds
- Not sure if they spoke same language or considered themselves same ethnic group
Hohokam irrigation canals - ANSWER-2nd only to Peru
No evidence of major government organization or societal complexity
No graves or dwelling of high status individuals signalling a bureaucracy
demarcated group of farmers who cooperated to make canals work
Effect of irrigation on Hohokam society - ANSWER-Allowed large, dense settlement
Huge labor investment
reliable water supply
Longest occupation in SW
Production and distribution of Hohokam pottery - ANSWER-Able to classify source of
clay and temper to 5 distinct areas which produced diff types of pots
Pots were distributed widely
Sourcing pottery - ANSWER-Characterize the temper
Match temper to natural source
, Confirm pottery groupings based on temper with clay chemistry - can confirm source
Hohokam Ballcourts - ANSWER-Ballcourt network across southern and central AZ - diff
ecologic zones, diff products. -near central plazas - open air markets basis for large
scale trade network of specialized goods
Enchanted Objects - ANSWER-ritual object that had own power to communicate with
supernatural
identified by craftmanship:
Polished shinyness
Form
Color
Ornamentation
made of exotic material obtained by 'power questing"
Power questing - ANSWER-Making journeys to powerful places for personal prestige
Beyond 'known world'
Pass through territories of different peoples
Physically challenging
Spiritual journey
Ritual Objects and their purpose - ANSWER--Performance Appropriate ornamentation
for ritual garments that have now decayed
Musical instruments
-Participation attendees may have needed particular item- copper ear spools
Large caches of stone pipes-
Analogy- the smoking may indicate a ceremonial use. Similar usage of ceremonial
smoking in modern tribes
-Symbols of social or ritual affiliation
-Symbols of authority?
Charnel House - ANSWER-Basins lined in clay used for cremation
Ranked society - ANSWER-Ascribed status
Kin-based
Sanctified through mythological descent
Hierarchical order of status positions
Socially defined priviledges, responsibilities and authorities associated with these
positions
Non elite autonomous in many areas of life
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