Vet Prep NAVLE Questions And Answers
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You perform an abdominal ultrasound to evaluate a Yorkshire Terrier with a suspected
liver shunt. After finding the shunt vessel, you complete the ultrasound and find several
calculi in the bladder. What is the most likely type of stone?
Cysteine
Struvite
Urate
Xanthine - correct answer. The correct answer is urate. Animals with portosystemic
shunts are very predisposed to developing urate uroliths due to their inability to
metabolize purines appropriately.
A 2-year old male castrated Border Collie presents for a 1-week history of small bowel
diarrhea. A fecal flotation shows numerous Giardia cysts. What is the treatment of
choice for this dog?
Ipronidazole
Metronidazole
Decoquinate
Albendazole - correct answer. Metronidazole
Black walnut toxicity causes what condition in horses?
Laminitis
Hypersalivation
Renal failure
Pulmonary edema - correct answer. The correct answer is laminitis. Although the
specific toxic principle in black walnuts responsible for causing laminitis or acute
lameness in horses is unknown, evidence suggests juglone (a napthaquinone) plays a
role. Do not use black walnuts for horse bedding.
Which of these would be appropriate for a horse with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
(HYPP)?
,Brome hay
Timothy hay
Alfalfa hay
Beet molasses - correct answer. The correct answer is timothy hay. Of these
choices, the only feed with low potassium is timothy hay. A low potassium diet is the
most important nutritional modification in the treatment of HYPP. Regular exercise and
feeding smaller, frequent meals can also reduce clinical signs. This disease is inherited
in an autosomal dominant fashion, and owners should be discouraged from breeding
affected animals.
A 16-year old budgerigar presents with progressive unilateral paresis of the right leg
(see image). There is normal flexion and extension of the hip joint with decreased
flexion, extension, and sensation below the knee. The remainder of your skeletal and
neurologic examination is unremarkable. Which of the following is most likely in this
bird?
Intervertebral disc disease
Botulism
Marek's disease
Renal neoplasia
Lead toxicosis - correct answer. The signalment and progressive unilateral paresis
are most suspicious for renal neoplasia of budgerigars. Affected birds develop paresis
due to pressure exerted on the sciatic nerve by a renal tumor. There is typically normal
flexion and extension of the hip joint with decreased flexion, extension, and sensation
below the knee as described here.
Disc disease is uncommon in birds. Lead toxicity can lead to peripheral neuropathy and
paresis but typically there are more multifocal or other accompanying signs such as
polyuria/polydipsia, gastrointestinal signs, wing droop, head tilt, or convulsions. Marek's
disease typically affects younger animals. Botulism typically presents with flaccid
paralysis of the legs, wings, and neck.
Severe combined immunodeficiency is a lethal autosomal recessive trait in Arabian
foals. Heterozygotes are clinically normal. If the heterozygote carrier rate for the genetic
mutation is 8%, what is the expected frequency of Arabian foals that are homozygous
for the mutated allele?
0.064%
0.16%
2%
0.64%
25%
4% - correct answer. You do not need to know anything about the disease in this
question in order to get the correct answer. You are told that the disease is recessive
and has a carrier rate of 8%Because the trait is recessive, homozygotes will be the only
individuals affected. In order for a foal to be born homozygous for the trait, BOTH
,parents MUST be carriers. The chances of both parents being carriers is 8% x 8% (or
0.08 x 0.08) = 0.0064 or 0.64%. If both parents are carriers, the offspring has a 1 in 4
chance of inheriting two mutant alleles (50% chance for each allele from each
parent).Since the chances of both parents being carriers is 0.64% and the chance of
having a homozygous offspring in that case is 1 in 4, the overall expected frequency of
diseased foals is 0.0064 x 0.25= 0.0016 or 0.16%.
Which of these drugs should not be used in Greyhounds?
Propofol
Ivermectin
Morphine
Thiopental - correct answer. The correct answer is thiopental. Thiopental is an ultra-
short acting barbiturate. Recovery depends on redistribution to tissues, including fat.
Because sighthounds have very little fat, they have prolonged recoveries and greater
complications with these drugs.
A chicken operation has recently been ravaged by a respiratory disease affecting
almost all of the chickens in the flock. The chickens are coughing and sneezing and
many have facial swelling. You necropsied many of the chickens and found mucoid
exudate in the bronchi, thickened air sacs, and in a few of the chickens, interstitial
nephritis was present. Which of these diseases is likely?
Infectious Bursal Disease
Aspergillus
Fowl Cholera
Infectious Bronchitis - correct answer. The correct answer is infectious bronchitis.
This is caused by a coronavirus. It is spread by aerosol and ingestion and usually
affects all exposed birds. The clinical signs and necropsy findings are as described in
the question. The disease can be clinically indistinguishable from mild forms of
Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis, and infectious coryza. Virus isolation is needed to
obtain a definitive diagnosis.
A 4-year old male castrated Basenji presents for polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss.
Blood work shows P=2.5 (2.9-5.3 mg/dl), K= 3.1 (3.9-5.1 mEq/L), total CO2= 12 (17-25
mmol/L). The remainder of the blood work is within normal limits. Urinalysis shows 3+
glucose. Which of the following is your most likely differential diagnosis?
Pyometra
Fanconi syndrome
Pyelonephritis
Diabetes mellitus - correct answer. The correct answer is Fanconi syndrome.
Fanconi syndrome is an inherited disease in Basenjis. The disease involves renal
tubular defects causing an abnormal loss of electrolytes and solutes leading to
hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis. DM is less likely because
, serum glucose is normal. The lab abnormalities present in this dog are not consistent
with pyelonephritis. Pyometra is not a viable choice as the signalment describes a male.
The image shows an infarct in the liver discovered on post mortem exam of a mature
beef cow which died one hour before in a western mountain pasture, after being
observed to appear normal one day earlier. There is also dark red urine in the bladder.
The pasture contains native plants, some pine trees, and a marshy area with water
plants. The cows are unvaccinated and were never wormed. Given this history and the
lesion found, the most likely cause of death is
Blue-green algae toxicity
Death camas toxicity
Bacillary hemoglobinuria
Viral hepatitis
Pine needle poisoning - correct answer. Also known as redwater, bacillary
hemoglobinuria is caused by germination of Clostridium Novyi type D spores in the liver
after anaerobic damage by migrating liver fluke larvae. Cl. Novyi was formerly called Cl.
hemolyticum. Vaccination can prevent this disease.
What is the most common cause of maxillary sinusitis in a horse, as seen in the
necropsy image below?
Foreign body
Tooth root abscess
Brachygnathia
Dentigerous cyst
Guttural pouch mycosis - correct answer. The correct answer is tooth root abscess.
Commonly the first molar teeth are involved. Clinical signs include weight loss, quidding
(dropping half chewed feed), halitosis, swelling, and unilateral purulent nasal discharge.
A 5-month old kitten presents to you with a rectal prolapse, as shown in the photo. What
is the most common cause of rectal prolapse in a kitten?
Gastrointestinal parasites
Panleukopenia
Dysautonomia
Trauma - correct answer. The correct answer is gastrointestinal parasites. You
should perform a fecal float and smear. This cat probably has severe diarrhea and has
been straining. Dysautonomia is possible but very rare. Panleukopenia does not usually
result in a rectal prolapse, but is a cause of diarrhea.
A 7-year-old ewe presents with abscessation of the supramammary lymph nodes. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
Caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus
Trueperella pyogenes
