Chapter 17: Non-Coding RNAs exam 2024/2025 with 100% correct answers
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Chapter 17: Non-Coding RNAs
Institution
Chapter 17: Non-Coding RNAs
Which of the following can bind to ncRNAs?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Proteins
d. Small molecules
e. All of the above correct answersE. All of the above
When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, it:
a. contains binding sites for many different proteins, thereby promoting the formation of a large complex....
e. All of the above correct answersE. All of the above
When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, it:
a. contains binding sites for many different proteins, thereby promoting the formation of a large
complex.
b. recognizes other ncRNAs and sequesters them, thereby preventing them from working.
c. can alter its conformation, allowing it to switch between active and inactivate conformations.
d. may physically prevent or block a cellular process from happening. correct answersB. recognizes other
ncRNAs and sequesters them, therby preventing them from working
Scientists propose that the first macromolecules in protobionts were:
a. DNA molecules.
b. RNA molecules.
c. proteins.
d. all of the above. correct answersB. RNA molecules
An ncRNA may have the following functions: scaffold, guide, alterer of protein function or stability,
ribozyme, blocker, and/or decoy. Which of these functions
are mediated by each type of ncRNA listed next? Note: A single ncRNA may have more than one
function.
A. tRNA
,B. rRNA correct answersA. Guide: a tRNA binds to an mRNA and carries the correct amino acid so it can
be added to a polypeptide.
B. Scaffold, guide, and ribozyme: rRNA functions as a scaffold for the binding of ribosomal proteins; in
bacteria, a segment of rRNA acts as a guide for the binding of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence
in mRNA; and the rRNA in peptidyl transferase functions as a ribozyme that catalyzes peptide bond
formation.
List and briefly describe four types of molecules that can bind to an ncRNA correct answersncRNAs can
bind to DNA and RNA due to complementary base pairing. Stem-loops in ncRNAs can bind to the surface
of proteins. Also, segments of ncRNAs can form pockets for the binding of small molecules.
An ncRNA may have the following functions: scaffold, guide, alterer of protein function or stability,
ribozyme, blocker, and/or decoy. Which of those functions is/are mediated by each of the ncRNAs listed
next? (Note: A single ncRNA may have more than
one function.)
A. HOTAIR
B. RNA of RNaseP correct answersA. Scaffold and guide
B. Ribozyme
What is meant by the term RNA world? Describe observations and evidence that support this
hypothesized period of life on Earth. From the perspective of living cells, what are the advantages
of having had the RNA world be superseded by a DNA/RNA/protein world? correct answersThe term
RNA world refers to a period in which primitive cells used RNA as their sole macromolecule.
Observations and evidence include the versatile functions of RNA, and the role of mRNA, tRNA, and
rRNA in translation. The DNA/RNA/protein world has some advantages over an RNA world. DNA is more
stable and therefore better at storing information. Also, having DNA store information allowed RNA
molecules to do other things. Proteins are composed of twenty different amino acids have many
versatile functions compared to RNAs, such as more diverse enzymatic and structural features.
What term describes RNA molecules that don't encode polypeptides? correct answersnon-coding
, What term (two words) describes structures formed when regions of an RNA molecule "bend back" on
themselves and form more complex structures due to hydrogen bonding between complimentary bases?
correct answersstem-loop structures
What is the one-word term to describe the ncRNA function of moving a molecule to a specific location in
a cell? correct answersguide
What is the one-word term to describe the ncRNA function of physically preventing a cellular process
from happening? correct answersblocker
What is the one-word term to describe the ncRNA function of recognizing other ncRNAs and
sequestering them thus preventing them from working? correct answersdecoy
What one-word term is used to describe ncRNAs that function as enzymes? correct answersribozyme
True or False: RNA is more stable than DNA. correct answersFalse.
True or False: Sense mex-3 RNA is translated to produce a functional polypeptide. correct answersTrue
Which one of the following statements regarding the control embryos is true?
A. They were injected with sense RNA only.
B. They were injected with anti-sense RNA only.
C. They were injected with both sense and anti-sense RNA.
D. They were injected with functional polypeptide.
E. They weren't injected. correct answersE. They weren't injected.
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