NSG123 | NSG 123 Medical Surgical Nursing
Exam 4 | Questions and Verified Answers
Graded A+ | Herzing
(Modules 8, 9, 10, 11)
_____________ is a subtype of diabetes in which progression of autoimmune beta cell destruction in
the pancrease is slower than type one and two - Correct Answer - Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of
Adults (LADA)
_______________ is a diabetic microvascular disease which represents the greatest threat to vision.
It is characterized by the proliferation of new blood vessels growing from the retina into the vitreous
- Correct Answer - Proliferative Retinopathy
3 Clinical manifestations of type one diabetes are: - Correct Answer - polyuria, polydipsia, and
polyphagia
Goal of diabetes treatment - Correct Answer - Normalize insulin activity and blood glucose levels to
reduce the development of vascular and neuropathic complications
3 Clinical Manifestations of DKA: - Correct Answer - hyperglycemia, dehydration with electrolyte loss,
and acidosis
Migraine Triggers: - Correct Answer - Bright light, stress, depression, sleep deprivation, fatigue, oral
contraceptives, and some food like chocolate
Hyperthyroidism TSH Lab - Correct Answer - TSH decreases, T3 T4 higher
Hypothyroidism TSH Lab - Correct Answer - TSH increases, low T3 T4
What disease is associated with hyperthyroidism? - Correct Answer - Grave's Disease (goiter, eyeballs
forced out, increased fat deposits and fluid)
Hyperthyroidism Treatment (Powerpoint) - Correct Answer - Drugs are often not considered curative
,•Antithyroid drugs: Propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (Tapazole)
•Treatment of goiter with Potassium Iodide to protect the thyroid
Hyperthyroidism Symptoms: - Correct Answer - Hypertension, Tachycardia, Tachypnea,
Splenomeglaly, Hepatomegaly, WEIGHT LOSS with increased intake, Muscle Weakness, Hyperreflexes
SSKI Teaching (Powerpoint) - Correct Answer - SSKI (Saturated Solution of Potassium Iodide) also
called Lugol's Solution
•Well tolerated orally
•Will need to be mixed with fruit juice
•Drink with straw- can stain teeth, straw will bypass contact with teeth
Thyroid Storm Interventions (Powerpoint) - Correct Answer - •Administer Tylenol, Methimazole,
hypothermia protocol, and oxygen STAT
Complication of Hyperthyroidism (Powerpoint) - Correct Answer - Thyrotoxicosis
•Physiologic effects/clinical syndrome of hyper-metabolism
•Results from increased circulating levels of T3, T4, or both
•Life threatening emergency
Increase in temperature
Hypothyroidism Caused by & Labs (TSH, T3/4) (Powerpoint) - Correct Answer - •Caused by
destruction of thyroid tissue or defective hormone synthesis
•High level of TSH being released, low T3/T4 being made by the thyroid itself
•Low overall metabolism
Hypothyroidism Treatment- Levothyroxine (Powerpoint) - Correct Answer - Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
•Start with low dose
•Avoid taking at the same time as vitamins or supplements, even OTC
•Know dosing schedule
•Monitor for cardiovascular side effects (chest pain, dysrhythmias), weight loss, nervousness,
tremors, insomnia
•Life long treatment
, Hypothyroidism Complications (Powerpoint) - Correct Answer - Myxedema
•Extreme, untreated hypothyroidism
•Will administer thyroid hormone IV- monitor for acute cardiac changes
•May worsen with infection, drugs, cold, trauma
•Patient will need to have temperature increased slowly!
•Too fast will rapidly deplete oxygen reserve and be a shock to the system
Hashimoto's Disease
•Autoimmune attack of the thyroid
Hypothyroidism Symptoms - Correct Answer - Goiter, weight gain, constipation, bradycardia, poor
tugor, shortness of breath, low body temp
What to know about anti-convulsant therapy? - Correct Answer - A person who has received long-
term anticonvulsant therapy has a significant risk for fractures resulting from bone disease
(osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and hyperparathyroidism), which is a side effect of therapy. Therefore,
during seizures, the patient is protected from injury with the use of seizure precautions and is
monitored closely
Nursing Interventions for Demetia to Promote Safety - Correct Answer - o Provide calm and
predictable environment to help minimize confusion and maintain safety
o Avoid changing surroundings and care givers
o Promote physical activity
o Provide cues and clear, simple instructions
o Assess for signs of neglect and abuse
o Bed alarm, chair alarm, call light, bed in low position
Gestational Diabetes - Correct Answer - is any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during
pregnancy. Hyperglycemia develops during pregnancy because of the secretion of placental
hormones, which causes insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes occurs in as many as 18% of
pregnant women and increases their risk for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Women who
are considered to be at high risk for gestational diabetes and should be screened by blood glucose
testing at their first prenatal visit are those with marked obesity, a personal history of gestational
diabetes, glycosuria, or a strong family history of diabetes.
