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BTEC Exam 2, btec exam 2 cards, Exam 2 Answered Correctly!!
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BTEC Exam 2, btec exam 2 cards, Exam2 Answered Correctly!!
What is the feedstock for the petrochemical industry? CORRECT ANSWERS Naphta
What are examples of PET - Polyethylene terephthalate CORRECT ANSWERS Plastic
bottles, Polyester fiber
What plastic resin had the highest European plastic demand? CORRECT ANSWERS
Polypropylene (around 20%)
Describe the projected increase in plastic production CORRECT ANSWERS There has
been a 14-year doubling of plastic production since 1950's
What is the projection for microplastic waste generation? CORRECT ANSWERS 2x
(from 215 mil. metric tons/year in 2016 to 420 mil. metric tons/year in 2040)
What is the projection for plastic leakage into the ocean? CORRECT ANSWERS 3x
(from 11 mil. metric tons in 2016 to 29 mil. metric tons/year in 2040)
What is the projection for plastic stock into the ocean? CORRECT ANSWERS 4x (from
150 mil. metric tons/year in 2016 to 646 mil. metric tons/year in 2040)
Describe PET plastic CORRECT ANSWERS full name: Polyethylene terephthalate
Thermoplastic polymer resin of thepolyester family. (Fibers for clothing, containers for
liquids, thermoforming molds)
What is the transparent plastics market estimated at? CORRECT ANSWERS 30 billion
in the US
Describe the current situation of plastic recycling CORRECT ANSWERS it is at 9% of
potential recyclables, more than 50% of plastic that gets collected for recycling ends up
getting exported to countries that don't have proper infrastructure to handle the plastic
Why is it called HD strand? CORRECT ANSWERS Howard Dalmage strand...**
Which country recently stopped importing plastics for recycling CORRECT ANSWERS
china
What is the size of microplastics and what are their characteristics? CORRECT
ANSWERS <5 mm, diverse in shape and composition (beads, fragments, foam, fiber)
What are the origins of microplastics? CORRECT ANSWERS - breakdown of plastic
objects, paint, car tires, baby and plastic bottles, cosmetics & clothing
,How can microplastics enter the body and what are some health effects? CORRECT
ANSWERS ingestion of contaminated water and food, DNA damage, cellular damage,
possibly inflammation
How can you shift from petrochemical resources to renewable resources - in the case of
microplastics? CORRECT ANSWERS Bioplastics - which are commodity polymers from
plants and other sources
What is an example of a bioplastic? CORRECT ANSWERS Polyhydroxyalkanoates
By what year are leading brands and retailers working for recyclable packing by?
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
What are polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)? CORRECT ANSWERS macromolecule-
polyesters naturally produced by many species of microorganisms,are being considered
as a replacement for conventional plastics, can be completely biodegraded within a year
by microorganims to carbon dioxide and water
When were plastic granules in bacteria discovered? CORRECT ANSWERS 1925, since
then there have been many attempts for mass production of PHAs
what is the pathway for polyalkanoate synthesis? CORRECT ANSWERS SCoA +SCoA
---Beta Ketothiolose--> SCoA + CoASH
(refer to slide 13 on Plastics Biotechnology ppt)
What are the three enzymes required for PHA Sythesis in Alcaligenes? CORRECT
ANSWERS B-Ketothiolose, Aceto-Acetyl - CoA Reductase, and PHB Polymerase
Describe a history of bioplastics CORRECT ANSWERS 2006: Metabolix Inc. and
Archer Daniels Midland formed 50-50 joint venture company operating under name
Telles with the purpose of commercializing Mirel Natural Plastics
2008: plant started and Mirel produced at annual rate of 100 million pounds
What type of plastics seem to be the most beneficial for society? CORRECT
ANSWERS disposable, one-use plastics that biodegrade
Describe how switchgrass is utilized in plastics CORRECT ANSWERS - Metabolix
developed switchgrass technology
- proof of concept bioplastic made from plants composed of up to 3.7% PHA molecules
- commercial target of Metabolix was to use 7.5% of switchgrass plant in making
bioplastic
Describe the history of the formation of Mirel Bioplastics CORRECT ANSWERS
Metabolix formed joint venture with Archer Daniels Midland forming Mirel
, cost $300 mil. to build and located close to ADM's wet cotton mill in Iowa)
What is the new name for Metabloix? CORRECT ANSWERS Yield10 Bioscience
What is Yield10 Biosciences plan to grow PHA Bioplastic Market? CORRECT
ANSWERS development of oilseed Camelina as platform crop - large scale producion
yield very low carbon
- PHA produced can replace petroleum-based plastics
Camelina Field Trials CORRECT ANSWERS PHA levels in seeds were consistent and
measured up to 6%
Goal : 20% mature seed weight to PHA; attain by metabolic engineering toincrease
carbon flow in Camlina
Clinical Trials: 2020-2021
Danimer Scientific CORRECT ANSWERS extracts PHA crystals from bacteria
fermented in canola oil
Biodegradable and FDA approved for food contact
Bacterial Strains are fermented to CORRECT ANSWERS produce high cell biomass
with high PHA
RWSC Industries CORRECT ANSWERS founded in innovation lab at UGA by ROland
Wee and DAniels Carraway (2015)
Microbial Growth on PET CORRECT ANSWERS Discovery of Ideonella sakaiensis by
Shosuke Yoshida et al.Science Created some media interest (sizzle) which led to
increased and scientificc divancements
Plastics for a circular economy CORRECT ANSWERS
New Advances and interest in super-enzymes eating plastics CORRECT ANSWERS
super enzymes cna be really helpful esp. with the fact that they may be able to eat
plastic
Protein Engineering to Supercharge PETase CORRECT ANSWERS in silico
metagenesis, Computationally predict by in silico mutagenesis
a given amino acid would make the proteinvmore stable and more active at lower
temperatures.A ThermoPETase variant with three swapped aminoacids had 38-fold
higher activity at 50o
How circular is PET CORRECT ANSWERS 82 metric tons of PET plastics are produced
each year. Roughly equivalent in weight to 225 Empire State Buildings
How is mechanical recycloing related to PET? CORRECT ANSWERS involves melting
and reprocessing which results in a lower quality material than the original plastic
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