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MBG 3040 Midterm Exam Practice Questions and Answers Where does RNA pol I act? What does it make? - ANSWER-nucleolus, rRNA (most cellular RNA synthesis) Where do RNA pol II and III act? What do they make? - ANSWER-in nucleoplasm; Pol II makes hnRNA, miRNA (controls gene expression), and snRNA ...

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  • November 4, 2024
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MBG 3040 Midterm Exam Practice

Questions and Answers


Where does RNA pol I act? What does it make? - ANSWER✔✔-nucleolus, rRNA (most cellular RNA

synthesis)


Where do RNA pol II and III act? What do they make? - ANSWER✔✔-in nucleoplasm; Pol II makes

hnRNA, miRNA (controls gene expression), and snRNA (hnRNA becomes mRNA w/ snRNA's help); Pol III

makes tRNA (as well as 5s rRNA and others) and has the least activity


How many subunits do the RNA pols have? How many in common? Which ones? - ANSWER✔✔-12; 5;

Rpb 5, 6, 8, 10, 12


What are the 3 largest subunits of RNA pol? What are they for? - ANSWER✔✔-Rpb 1 (largest; binds DNA;

beta'), 2 (near active site; Beta), and 3 (alpha); essential for enzyme activity (highly conserved)


Where is the CTD in RNA pol II? What is it for? What is its sequence? - ANSWER✔✔-Rpb 1; involved in

initiation, elongation, mRNA processing, and export of mRNA to the cytoplasm; (YSPTSPS)n (n = 26 in

yeast; n = 52 in mammals)(removal of half of CTD is lethal)


What is the structure of a class II promoter? - ANSWER✔✔-Core and proximal elements:


Core = up to 6 conserved elements; TATA (highly specialized genes), BRE, Inr, DPE, DCE, MTE (at least 1

missing), short


Proximal = GC box and CAAT box (helps attract GTF; further upstream)



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, Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024


What is the purpose of TATA-less genes? - ANSWER✔✔-housekeeping and development


What is the structure of a class I promoter? - ANSWER✔✔-core and UPE; spacing important (more

sensitive to deletions)


What is the structure of a class III promoter? - ANSWER✔✔-genes for small RNAs; classical promoter has

promoters within genes (type I: A, B, C; 5s rRNA)(type II: A, B; tRNA); nonclassical (type III) resemble class

II promoters (U6 snRNA)


What are enhancers and silencers? - ANSWER✔✔-position and orientation independent DNA elements

that stimulate or depress; silencers cause chromatin to coil, making it unaccessible


What combines to form a PiC? - ANSWER✔✔-General transcription factors and RNA polymerase


What are the components of a class II PiC? - ANSWER✔✔-RNA pol II and 6 general transcription factors

(A, B, D, E, F, H)


List the steps of GTF binding - ANSWER✔✔-1. D binds to TATA (with help from A)


2. B binds


3. F helps RNA pol bind to -34 to 17


4. E and H bind


What is DNA footprinting? - ANSWER✔✔-detects the exact sequence where protein is bound to DNA in

vitro; add DNase I to digest every nucleotide position once


What are the subunits of TFIID? - ANSWER✔✔-1. TATA-box binding protein (TBP); highly conserved,

binds to minor groove of TATA box


2. TATA associated factors (TAFs) - class II

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