NUR 641E final Exam |Questions with 100%
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drug that relieves heart failure symptoms but does not reduce mortality - ✔✔furosemide.
Loop diuretics like furosemide - ✔✔are potent diuretics, can cause diuretic resistance
and hypokalemia, and work on receptors in the thick ascending renal loop of Henle.
Loop diuretics inhibit - ✔✔reabsorption of sodium and chloride at this site in the kidney.
Milrinone - ✔✔phosphodiesterase inhibitor used for acute heart failure.
Children diagnosed with the tetralogy of Fallot can stop hypoxic spells - ✔✔by squatting
down compensatory mechanism).
,Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - ✔✔is a congenital heart defect with a continuous machine-
like murmur heard over the left upper sternal border in both systole and diastole, a bounding
pulse and a thrill on palpation.
PDA can be effectively treated - ✔✔IV NSAIDS such as indomethacin.
Raynaud's disease - ✔✔vasospastic disorder typically seen during cold weather.
Raynaud's involves - ✔✔the small arteries and arterioles in the fingers; occasionally, the
toes are also involved.
Raynaud's is treated - ✔✔with dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers (e.g.,
nifedipine) because they cause peripheral vasodilation.
Asthma - ✔✔is an obstructive airway disease associated with airflow obstruction,
mucus production, hyperreactivity of the bronchial tissue, and inflammation.
Mild persistent asthma - ✔✔is best treated with a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) plus an
inhaled corticosteroid.
. Moderate persistent asthma - ✔✔is best treated with an inhaled low-dose corticosteroid
and a long-acting bronchodilator.
, Severe persistent asthma - ✔✔is best treated with a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA), plus
a high-potency inhaled corticosteroid, plus an oral corticosteroid drug.
Inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) - ✔✔are indicated only for PRN use.
Long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA, e.g., salmeterol) - ✔✔should never be used in an acute
asthma exacerbation; use a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA, e.g., albuterol).
short-acting Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) - ✔✔are used in acute asthmatic attacks,
but can increase heart rate, tremors, nervousness, and reduce serum potassium levels.
, Instruct a patient on any inhaled corticosteroid - ✔✔rinse the mouth after each use
Advair (fluticasone and salmeterol) - ✔✔Advair example of a long-acting beta agonist and a
corticosteroid.
Anoro ellipta (umeclidium/vilanterol) - ✔✔is an example of a long-acting beta agonist and
an anticholinergic agent.
Combivent (albuterol/ipratropium) - ✔✔example of a short-acting beta agonist and
an anticholinergic agent.
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