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PHMY 610 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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PHMY 610 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS...
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PHMY 610 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS ANDVERIFIED ANSWERS
are enterobacter ales facultative or non-facultative anaerobes? -
ANSWER facultative
Enterobacterales are catalase what? - ANSWER positive
Enterobacterales are oxidase what? - ANSWER negative
what is a distinguishing factor of Enterobacterales? - ANSWER they
ferment glucose (some lactose)
Enterobacterales all contain a heat-stable lipopolysaccharide that is
composed of what 3 things? - ANSWER 1. O polysaccharide
2. common antigen
3. Lipid A
Lipid A is an endotoxin, but also considered what else for
Enterobacterales? - ANSWER a virulence factor
Most Enterobacterales are motile with peritrichous flagella, except what
3 bugs? - ANSWER 1. Klebsilla
2. Shigella
3. Yersinia
Where in the human body are Enterobacterales commonly found? -
ANSWER urinary tract, vagina (females), and small intestine
what are some other virulence factors for Enterobacterales other than
Lipid A (endotoxin)? - ANSWER hydrophilic capsule, antigenic phase
variation, sequestration of growth factors, resistance to serum killing,
antimicrobial resistance
what is the most common medically important Enterobacterales? -
ANSWER Escherichia coli
,what type of media does MacConkey agar represent? - ANSWER
selective and differential media
what are the selective ingredients for MacConkey agar? - ANSWER
bile salts and crystal violet dye
what type of bacteria does MacConkey agar limit the growth of? -
ANSWER gram-positive bacteria
what is the differential ingredients of MacConkey agar? - ANSWER
lactose
colorless colonies on a MacConkey agar represent what? - ANSWER
nonlactose fermenters
pink colonies on a MacConkey agar represent what? - ANSWER
lactose fermenters
what are 4 examples of non-lactose-fermenters? - ANSWER 1.
Salmonella spp.
2. Shigella spp.
3. Proteus spp.
4. Serratia spp.
what are 4 examples of lactose-fermenters? - ANSWER 1. Escherichia
coli
2. Klebsiella spp.
3. Enterobacter spp.
4. Citrobacter spp.
What is an exception to the Citrobacter spp. being lactose-fermenters? -
ANSWER C. koseri
what does the spot indole test determine? - ANSWER the presence of
the enzyme tryptophanase, which converts tryptophan into indole
what results from a spot indole test indicate indole + and lactose
fermenters? - ANSWER blue or blue-green color
, what results from a spot indole test indicate indole - and lactose
fermenters? - ANSWER light pink or colorless
what are some examples of Indole + and Lactose fermenters? -
ANSWER Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca
what are some examples of Indole - and Lactose fermenters? -
ANSWER Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, and Citrobacter freundii
what does the oxidase test determine? - ANSWER production of
cytochrome c oxidase
what is the oxidase reagent? - ANSWER tetramethyl-p-
phenylenediamine
Where does Escherichia coli typically colonize? - ANSWER the GI tract
when does Escherichia coli typically cause infection? - ANSWER when
specialized virulence factors are acquired
What other disease states is Escherichia coli associated with? -
ANSWER gastroenteritis, UTI's, meningitis, and sepsis
what is the most common bug with Escherichia coli? - ANSWER
urinary tract infections
what type of agar does Escherichia coli undergo hemolysis? - ANSWER
blood agar
what are the 3 types of Escherichia coli that are associated with the
small intestine? - ANSWER 1. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
2. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPAC)
3. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC)
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