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NTR 401 Exam 1 – UB Questions and Answers
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NTR 401 Exam 1 – UB Questions and Answers
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NTR 401 Exam 1 – UB Questions andAnswers
Trace minerals - Answer-Minerals with <100mg/day requirement
Major minerals - Answer-Minerals with >100mg/day requirement
Healthy Diet - Answer-A ____________ ________ involves consuming a *variety* of
foods *balanced* by a *moderate* intake of each food
Nutrient density - Answer-Comparison of vitamin and mineral content to number of kcals
Empty Calories - Answer-Calories that provide a lot of energy and few to no other
nutrients
Energy Density - Answer-Comparison of the calorie content to the weight of the food
Anthropometric - Answer-___________ Tests measure heigh and weight
Biochemical - Answer-___________ Tests measure blood, vitamins, glucose, lipid
levels
Clinical - Answer-__________ Tests measure family history and involve physical exams
Dietary - Answer-___________ Tests involve surveying eating habits
Daily Reference Intake - Answer-New nutrient recommendations updated every few
years
- Recommendations prevent chronic diseases in *healthy individuals*
- Set for all vitamins and minerals
- Doesn't yet measure macronutrients, electrolytes, water and other components
- Includes (RDA, AI, UL)
Estimated Average Requirements - Answer-- Used to calculate RDA
- Nutrient intake estimated to meet the needs of *50% of the individuals* in a certain age
and gender group
Recommended Dietary Allowances - Answer-Recommended intakes of nutrients that
meet the needs of almost all *healthy people* of a similar age and gender
- Set by Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences
- Based on EARs
- Only set for 19 important nutrients
- Prevents deficiency and *chronic diseases*
, Adequate Intakes - Answer-Intake recommendations without enough information
available
- Based on observed or experimentally determined estimates
- Set for some vitamins, choline, minerals, FA, and *fiber*
- Values considered adequate based on *what we know today*
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels - Answer-Max level of daily intake without causing
adverse health effects
- Chronic daily use
- *Not a goal but a ceiling*
- Niacin, Magnesium, Zinc, Nickel - toxicity is unlikely from food, this level refers to
supplement consumption
Food Guide Pyramid - Answer-Tried to translate science into practical terms
- Help people meet nutritional needs for CHO, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals
- Provides foundation to eating
- *replaced by MyPlate*
Parietal Cells - Answer-Cells of stomach that produce HCl and intrinsic factor
Microbiota - Answer-Large intestine
- Helps in formation of Vitamin K and biotin
- May inhibit growth of harmful bacteria
- aid lactose digestion
- ferment some fibers and starches
- produce gas
Gastrin - Answer-Hormone from stomach and upper small intestine (duodenum)
- Stimulated by food, thoughts of food
- Stimulates flow of pepsinogen and HCl
- Stimulate gastric mobility
- part of gastric juice
Secretin - Answer-Small intestine hormone
- Stimulated by presence of acidic chyme
- Stimulates bicarbonate secretion
CCK - Answer-Small intestine hormone
- Stimulated by food, presence of fat and protein in small intestine
- Stimulates pancreatic lipase and flow of bile to emulsify fat
GERD - Answer-AKA heartburn
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