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NTR 401 – Exam Questions with Latest Update
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NTR 401 – Exam Questions with Latest Update
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NTR 401 – Exam Questions with LatestUpdate
Indispensable nutrient - Answer-Substance needed in a metabolic reaction or a tissue
structure that cannot be synthesized
The concept that "food is made up on nutriment, medicines and poisons" can be traced
as far back as.... - Answer-ancient Greek philosophers
UL refers to - Answer-"Tolerable Upper Intake Limit" - nutrient intake above which the
risk for harm begins to increase (like a ceiling); is really only relevant to dietary
supplements
Reference height and weight - Answer-- Average height and weight of Americans with a
healthy BMI
- Used to provide a representative nutrient intake for a population
Hormone produced in the stomach that signals hunger so as to elicit food-seeking
behavior - Answer-ghrelin
Cholecystokinin - Answer-- secreted by cells in the duodenum (enterocytes)
- Stimulates release of bile (from gallbladder) into the intestine
- Stimulates secretion of enzymes by the pancreas
- signals brain to cease food intake
Hormone produced in the adipose tissue that signals the brain to reduce food intake -
Answer-leptin
What structures does leptin signal to reduce food intake? - Answer-hypothalamus and
brain stem
Hormone produced in the liver that signals the intestine to reduce iron absorption -
Answer-hepcidin
Zymogen - Answer-Protein that can become an active enzyme through proteolysis at a
location outside the cells where it is synthesized
The absorptive cells lining the GI tract (in villi of small intestine) - Answer-enterocytes
, The hormonal feedback loop between the last segment of the small intestine and the
pyloric sphincter, involving substance GLP-1 - Answer-ileal break
How does the "ileal brake" work? - Answer-- Nutrients still remaining in the ileocecal
region (ileum) signal absorption is not complete
- Sends peptides (YY and GLP-1/2) to slow gastric emptying
- Slows intestinal motility
A protein that binds zinc (or copper) for storage in the intestinal epithelial cells and
therefore slows the rate of Zn absorption - Answer-metallothionein
An age-related loss of the enzyme that hydrolyzes the disaccharide lactase is known as
"hypolactasia" (lactose intolerance). The outcome of this condition is: - Answer-
Reduced ability to digest milk sugar
A phytate (phytic acid) is - Answer-a component of grains and legumes that chelates
minerals (Ca & Zn) in the diet and reduces their absorption
Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) - Answer-the percentage of daily
calories from each energy source that provides a reduced risk for chronic disease
Which factors were LEAST likely to be considered important in determining the age and
gender categories for Dietary Reference Intakes? - Answer-different racial and ethnic
groups may have different nutrient requirements
The brain initiates or reduces food-seeking behavior by integrating various signals,
including all of the following EXCEPT: - Answer-pH of the blood
The brain regulates food-seeking behaviors through - Answer-- satiety signals from the
gut to the hind-brain (medulla, pons, cerebellum)
- adiposity signals (e.g. leptin)
- hedonic signals and habits
The process of DIGESTION serves all of the following functions EXCEPT: - Answer-
moves food components from the gut into the bloodstream (that is absorption)
Functions of digestion - Answer-- reduces needed nutrients to a size small enough for
absorption
- degrades potential toxins of anti-nutrients
- kills potential pathogens
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