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PRAXIS 5621 (PLT Early Childhood) Exam Questions and Answers
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PRAXIS 5621 (PLT Early Childhood) Exam Questions and Answers
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PRAXIS 5621 (PLT Early Childhood)Exam Questions and Answers
Spiral Curriculum - Answers -Bruner's design for teaching that introduces the
fundamental structure of all subjects early in the school years, then revisits the subjects
in more and more complex forms over time.
Constructivist Teaching - Answers -Students are actively involved in the process of
constructing meaning and knowledge. Self-directed activity.
Inquiry-based learning - Answers -Students develop hypotheses, collect
information/data to test the hypotheses and analyze information/data and formulate
conclusions based on the analyses. This is sometimes referred to as the scientific
method.
Interdisciplinary learning - Answers -Is an educational process in which two or more
subject areas are integrated with the goal of fostering enhanced learning in each subject
area.
Environmental accommodation - Answers -Adjustment to student setting or what is
around them
*Ex:* Reducing background noise
Instructional Accommodation - Answers -Pencil grips, large print books, increased font
size, spell checkers, increased time to complete, additional practice of specific skills,
more opportunity to apply skills
Lesson Modification - Answers -A change in an assignment or presentation of general
curriculum
Assessment modification - Answers -A change in an assessment of general curriculum
Techniques for developing self-motivation - Answers --Offering rewards and positive
reinforcement regularly
-Asking students to self-evaluate their work
-Offering students a menu of choices
-Allowing students to select their own assessment
Scaffolding - Answers -Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the
child's current level of performance
, Divergent Thinking - Answers -expands the number of possible problem solutions
(creative thinking that diverges in different directions)
Erik Erikson - Answers -neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of
development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is
marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?"
*Ex:* Erikson's stages place elementary age students in the industry versus inferiority
stage, which says that to encourage industry, students need to feel successful and work
at their level.
Abraham Maslow - Answers -Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of
Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"
Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with basic physiological needs — food and shelter,
then safety, followed by a feeling of belonging.
John B. Watson - Answers -behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and
their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was
taught to fear a white rat
*Ex:* Watson's theories center around reward and punishment (positive and negative
reinforcement).
Positive Reinforcement - Answers -Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli,
such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a
response, strengthens the response.
Negative Reinforcement - Answers -to increase appropriate behavior by taking away
something unwanted.
Ex: Putting on sunscreen to avoid having sunburn
Edward Thorndike - Answers -Thorndike's theories center on the law of effect, which
says that "when a connection between a stimulus and a response is positively rewarded
it will be strengthened, and that the more the stimulus-response bond is practiced, the
stronger it becomes". By teaching new information in small steps and providing quick
and timely assessments for students, the teacher is using the "Law of Effect" to
increase student success and understanding.
Cognitive Domain - Answers -An area of development that involves patterns of change
in children's intellectual abilities, including reasoning, learning, attention, memory, and
language skills.
*Ex:*Students will label the States and their capitals on a map of the United States.
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