BIO 182 FINAL EXAM 2025 | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
| ALREADY GRADED A+ | VERIFIED
ANSWERS | ARIZONA STATE
UNIVERSITY
What does NPP mean and how much is being used by humans? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER------------------Net Primary Productivity = total amount
of chemical energy supplied by plants
-Humans use 24% of Earth's NPP
What are some reasons the birth rate has declined in the last 50 years? ----
-----CORRECT ANSWER------------------Women choosing to have less
children
-Regions with lowest birthrates have the most abundant resources and
education of women is encouraged
What is demographic transition? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------
The transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates
What are density dependent factors? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------
------Predation, disease, competition between species (usually biotic)
What is carrying capacity? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------The
maximum population that can be supported indefinitely in an environment
-Birth rate = death rate
-(K)
,What is exponential growth and when does it occur in nature? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER------------------Exponential growth is positive growth
-Observed in 2 circumstances: a few individuals found a new population in
a new habitat, or a population has been devastated by a catastrophe and
begins to recover, starting with a few surviving individuals
What are some density-independent factors? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-
-----------------Change is not dependent on the # of individuals in the
population
-Variations in weather patterns, etc. (usually abiotic)
What are survivorship curves? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------
Type 1: Survivorship throughout life is high, most individuals reach their
max. life span (humans)
-Type 2: Most individuals experience constant survivorship over their
lifetimes
-Type 3: Result from high death rates early in life, with high survivorship
after maturity (many plants)
What is life history? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Record of
major events relating to its growth, development, reproduction, and survival
What is survivorship? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Proportion
of offspring that will survive on average to a particular age
What is fecundity? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------# of female
offspring produced by each female in the population
,What is the intrinsic rate of increase? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------
------When birthrates per individual are as high as possible and the death
per individual are as low as possible
What is a clumped population density? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------
--------Quality of habitat is patchy, food unevenly distributed, organisms
social (starfish)
What is uniform population density? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
----If negative interactions occur among individuals that space them out
evenly (penguins)
What is random population density? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------
-----The position of each individual is independent of the others
What does population density mean? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------
------# of individuals per unit area
What are the 4 factors that determine population size? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER------------------Births, Immigration, Deaths, Emigration
What are techniques used to study populations of immobile and mobile
organisms? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Immobile:
Determining # of individuals, counting organisms along a line or in an area
, -Mobile: Mark - recapture, the proportion of marked organisms in area vs
the proportion of unmarked organisms will reveal the population size
What are estuaries? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------A junction
between rivers and oceans
-Salinity varies almost daily
-Among the most productive environments (High level of nutrients, shallow
water allows for sunlight)
What is the intertidal zone? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------
Beach that is exposed at low tide and covered at high tide
-Organisms have to adapt to low tide exposure
-High productivity
(RockyPoint)
What is the neretic zone? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------
Extends from intertidal zone to depths of 200 m
-Part of sloping continental plane
-Very productive due to upwelling
(Coral reefs)
What is the oceanic zone? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------The
open ocean
-Sunlight abundant in photic zone but nutrients are scarce
What is the benthic zone? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------
Bottom of the ocean
-Organisms survive on dead bodies of organisms from the photic zone
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