NURS 461 Final Exam 1 Questions With
All Correct Answers.
Give examples of modifiable risk factors. - Answer - poor nutrition
- sedentary lifestyle
- smoking
- excessive alcohol use
- use of illicit drugs
- high blood pressure
- high cholesterol
- obesity
- abnormal fasting glucose
Give examples of non-modifiable risk factors. - Answer - age
- biological sex
- family history
- ethnicity
What is vulnerability? - Answer the degree of exposure to risk and the capacity to manage risk
effectively
What are outcomes of vulnerability to a chronic illness? - Answer - increased level of illness
- poorer access to healthcare
- poorer quality of healthcare services
- greater risk of poor physical, psychological, and social health
- higher rates of morbidity and mortality
- greater health needs, yet experience greater barriers
,What are marginalized individuals? - Answer those who do not meet the social norms, standards, and
expectations of the society in which they live
What is true of marginalization? - Answer arises in the context of social interaction
What does marginalization result from? - Answer interaction between individual vulnerabilities and
economic, cultural, political, and social factors
What does marginalization often cause? - Answer feelings of powerlessness and poorer health
outcomes
What is stigma? - Answer a response to any physical or social attribute or characteristic that deviates a
person's social identity and disqualifies him/her from full social acceptance
What is stigma associated with? - Answer marginalized individuals or groups
T/F Social value is subjective. - Answer T
Chronic illness may lead to? - Answer - disability
- comorbidity (2)
- multi morbidity (3+)
What are the three subcategories of disability? - Answer - impairment
- limitations
- participation restrictions
What are the top 4 chronic illnesses in the US? - Answer - CVD
- cancer
- diabetes
- chronic respiratory disease
, What is true of US chronic illness management? - Answer - higher out of pocket spending
- lowest life expectancy
- highest suicide rates
- lack of available after hour healthcare clinics
- inadequate coordination of healthcare
- inadequate management of chronic conditions
What is true of chronic illness? - Answer most of the chronic diseases occur in adults 65 years and
older, but we are seeing in younger individuals too
What are facts about chronic illness impact? - Answer - more likely to experience hospitalizations
- must find new prevention and control measures within communities
- rising costs of care
- number of people needing access to chronic disease care increasing
- healthcare inequalities
- cultural competence
- caregiver issues
What are principles of nursing practice with chronic illness? - Answer - affects all dimensions of
personhood
- importance of cultural responses to illness
- provide holistic care by incorporating a team approach
- adopt a "whole-life" approach
- provide person-centered, family inclusive care
What are 3 important issues of chronic illness? - Answer - primary care offices are set-up to respond to
acute illnesses
- clients with chronic diseases don't have enough information
- providers are too busy to educate and support clients
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