Psych 329 Chapter 8 Study Guide Exam Questions And All Correct Answers.
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Course
PSYC 329
Institution
PSYC 329
What is Personality? - Answer the unobservable quality present within the individual thought to be responsible for that individual's observable behavior
- Does personality change or remain stable (fixed) across adulthood?
- the answer depends on the perspective/approach taken to theorize abo...
Psych 329 Chapter 8 Study Guide Exam
Questions And All Correct Answers.
What is Personality? - Answer the unobservable quality present within the individual thought to be
responsible for that individual's observable behavior
- Does personality change or remain stable (fixed) across adulthood?
- the answer depends on the perspective/approach taken to theorize about what personality is and what
the key elements of personality are
The Psychodynamic Perspective (Freud's theory) - Answer •"Discovery" of the unconscious
•First comprehensive approach to personality that was proposed
•Personality development "done" by age 5
•Paid little attention to adult development- thought change not possible after 50
Freud: Structure of personality - Answer - unconscious motives and impulses express themselves in
people's personality and behaviour
- mind or personality is made up of 3 structures: id, ego, and superego
Id - Answer individual's biological instincts including the need for things like food or sex, and libido
(instinctual drive for physical pleasure present at birth), forms the motivating force behind all human
before, operates at unconscious level. element of personality that "wants", irrational urges
ego - Answer thinking part of personality.
- job is to keep needs of id satisfied, the rational side
- how are we going to get what we "want"
- rational, executive function
-finds a way to satisfy "wants"
superego - Answer moral judge of personality, incorporates the norms and values of society and family
,- part that says "what's right or wrong about what i want the way i want to get it"
- conscience and ego ideal
- make sure its ethical or acceptable
defense mechanisms - Answer separates unconscious and conscious
- protect the conscious mind from knowing the unconscious urges
Branches of Psychodynamic Theory - Answer ego psychology, theory of defense mechanisms, adult
attachment theory (fits here because attachment is thought about as coming out of freud and erikson's
early childhood issues as shaping later attachment and personality)
Jung's Theory - Answer •Emphasizes that each aspect of a person's personality must be in balance with
all the others
-Such as introversion-extroversion and masculinity-femininity
•Jung argues that people move toward integrating dimensions as they age, with midlife being an
especially important period
Jungian Theory - Answer •Maturity is possible only in midlife and beyond
•4 functions to the psyche- maturity involves achieving balance through individuation
- Individual can have a strong "sensing" function but that is not balanced.
Jung: Age trends - Answer •Young more extroverted than old but with increasing age, there is a move
toward introversion to create balance
•Young express elements of masculinity/femininity in line with gender stereotyped-roles but with age,
express more behaviors typical of the other gender (moving towards the center and balance with age)
•therefore development/change of personality in adulthood happens
- a tempered father who mellows out with age
Erikson Psychosocial Theory - Answer - neofreudian
, - saw development in personality beyond age 5
- at different stages in life, we have a crisis, out of which we gain a psychosocial strength which leads to
development of the ego
- Identity achievement vs. Identity confusion/diffusion
Generativity vs. Stagnation (identity and generativity are the most relevant to adulthood - focus on these
2 stages)
- with stage-like development happening across the lifetime, from his view, personality develops and
changes across adulthood
Identity: Marcia's Theory of Identity Achievement (identity status theory) - Answer •Identity formation
has two key parts: a crisis and a commitment
-Crisis: a period of decision making when old values and choices are re-examined (exploration)
- expands erikson's theory
- focus on how identity achievement happens
- people can develop strong identities without going through traditional periods of crisis which was
theorized in erikson's theory
- crisis defined differently
-
Maricia' 4 identity statuses - Answer 1.Identity achievement: the person has been through a crisis and
has reached a commitment to ideological, occupational, or other goals
2.Moratorium: the identity status of a person who is in a crisis but who has made no commitment
3.Foreclosure: the identity status of a person who has made a commitment without having gone through
a crisis; the person has simply accepted a parentally or culturally defined commitment
4.Identity diffusion: the identity status of a person who is not in the midst of a crisis and who has made
no commitment
Identity achievement - Answer the person has been through a crisis and has reached a commitment to
ideological, occupational, or other goals
Moratorium - Answer the identity status of a person who is in a crisis but who has made no
commitment
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