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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY - FINAL EXAMQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Personality - Answer-A person's internally based characteristic ways of acting and
thinking.
Unique psychological qualities that influence a variety of characteristic patterns of
behaviour and ways of thinking that determines a person's adjustment to the
environment.
Conscious mind - Answer-Freud's term for what you are presently aware of
Preconscious mind - Answer-Freud's term for what is stored in your memory that you
are not presently aware of but can access
Unconscious mind - Answer-Freud's term for the part of our mind that we cannot
become aware of.
Id - Answer-The part of the personality that a person is born with, where the biological
instinctual drives reside, and that is located totally in the unconscious mind.
Pleasure principle - Answer-The principle of seeking immediate gratification for
instinctual drives without concern for the consequences
Ego - Answer-The part of the personality that starts developing in the first year or so of
life to find realistic outlets for the id's instinctual drives.
Reality principle - Answer-The principle of finding gratification for instinctual drives
within the constraints of reality (norms of society).
Superego - Answer-The part of the personality that represents one's conscience and
idealized standards of behaviour.
Defense mechanism - Answer-A process used by the ego to distort reality and protect a
person from anxiety.
Erogenous zone - Answer-The area of the body where the id's pleasure-seeking
energies are focused during a particular stage of psychosexual development.
Fixation - Answer-Some of the id's pleasure-seeking energies remaining in a
psychosexual stage due to excessive or insufficient gratification of instinctual needs.
Oral stage of psychosexual development - Answer-First stage in Freud's theory
Birth to 18 months
Erogenous zones are mouth, lips, tongue
,Child derives pleasure from oral activities such as biting, sucking, chewing
Anal stage of psychosexual devlopment - Answer-Second stage in Freud's theory
18 months to 3 years
Erogenous zone is anus
Child derives pleasure from stimulation of anal area through having and withholding
anal movements
Phallic stage of psychosexual development - Answer-Third stage in Freud's theory
3 to 6 years
Erogenous zone is located at genitals
Child derives pleasure from genital stimulation
Oedipus Conflict - Answer-Freud
Phallic stage conflict in which boy becomes sexually attracted to mother and fears his
father will find out and castrate him.
Identification - Answer-Process by which children adopt characteristics of same-sex
parent and learn their gender role and sense of morality
Latency stage of psychosexual development - Answer-Fourth stage in Freud's theory
6 years to puberty
No erogenous zone
Sexual feelings are repressed and the focus is on cognitive and social development
Genital stage of psychosexual development - Answer-Fifth stage in Freud's theory
Puberty to adulthood
Erogenous zone is genitals
Child develops sexual relationships, moving towards intimate adult relationships
Hierarchy of Needs - Answer-Motivation
Suggests that the innate needs which motivate our behaviour are arranged in a pyramid
shape.
From bottom to top:
Physiological (hunger, thirst)
Safety (feel safe, secure, stable)
Belonging and love (to love and be love, belong, be accepted)
Esteem (self-esteem, achievement, competence, independence)
Self-actualization (live up to potential)
Self-actualization - Answer-The fullest realization of a person's potential
Conditions of worth - Answer-The behaviours and attitudes for which other people
(starting with parents) will give us positive regard
, Unconditional positive regard - Answer-Unconditional acceptance and approval of a
person by others
Self-system - Answer-The set of cognitive processes by which a person observes,
evaluates, and regulates their behaviour
Self-efficacy - Answer-A judgement of one's effectiveness in dealing with particular
situations
External locus of control - Answer-The perception that chance or external forces beyond
your personal control determine your fate
Internal locus of control - Answer-The perception that you control your own fate.
Learned helplessness - Answer-A sense of hopelessness in which a person thinks that
he is unable to prevent aversive events.
Attribution - Answer-The process by which we explain our own behaviour and that of
others
Self-serving bias - Answer-The tendency to make attributions so that one can perceive
oneself favourably
Traits - Answer-The relatively stable internally based characteristics that describe a
person
Personal inventory - Answer-An objective personality test that uses a series of
questions or statements for which the test taker must indicate whether they apply to
him/her or not.
Projective test - Answer-A personality test that uses a series of ambiguous stimuli to
which the test taker must respond about her perception of the stimuli
Personality Theories - Answer-Type Theories
Trait Theories
Type Theories - Answer-Distinct (no overlap) pattern of personality characteristics
- Sheldon Somatotypes
- Eysenck
- Type A vs. Type B
Sheldon Somatotypes - Answer-Type theory of personality
Based on body types
Endomorph - short, plump - sociable, relaxed, even tempered
Ectomorph - tall, thin - restrained, self-conscious, fond of solitude
Mesomorph - heavy-set, muscular - noisy, callous, fond of physical activity
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