What type of cleaning allows for the best absorption of F? - answer✔rubber cup and tooth
brush were equal, however do not need cleaning before F application.
What is the ideal ppm of F in water? - answer✔0.7 mm
Need supplementation <0.6 ppm
What is selective polishing? - answer✔Polishing only the teeth that are stained so that you do
not remove the F rich zone unnecessarily from other teeth that are not stained.
What is the % caries reduction with the introduction of F? - answer✔Old: 50%
Now: 25%
How much toothpaste for <3 yo? - answer✔Smear / rice
0.1 mg
How much toothpaste for 3-6 yo? - answer✔Pea
0.25 mg
How much F is in 1 mL of F varnish? - answer✔22,500 ppm = 22.5 mg / 1mL, however there is
only 0.5 mL in a well, so it is only 11 mg of F.
Why is F caries protective? - answer✔Enhances remineralization, inhibits demineralization,
inhibits bacteria metabolism (enolase), produces a layer for Ca and F for when the pH drops to
serve as a reservoir.
What is xylitol no cariogenic? - answer✔Not metabolized by oral bacteria
What is the significance of ECC? - answer✔more risk in permanent teeth
What % of children in the US are obese? - answer✔16.9% (this is a BMI >95%)
What is the significance of weight and periodontal disease? - answer✔In children 17-21 yo, for
every kg of increase in body weight and one cm of waist circumference, there was an increase
in periodontal disease
What % of middle and hight school kids use tobacco? - answer✔Middle: 6.7%
High school: 23%
When is smoking and smokeless tobacco use initiated? - answer✔Most in adolescents, but the
average age for first cigarette is 11-12 yo .
What are the risk for infants who are exposed to tobacco? - answer✔Caries, SIDS, enamel
hypoplasia, cognitive deficits, middle ear infections
What age range do you see the most trauma to primary teeth? - answer✔2-3 yo
What OJ increases dental trauma ? - answer✔>3 mm OJ
What is a Type I mouthguard? - answer✔custom
placed on maxilla, except in Class III
What is the percentage of carbamide peroxide that is used for bleaching? - answer✔10-38%
What does carbamide peroxide break down into? - answer✔Hydrogen peroxide
What is stronger? carbide peroxide or hydrogen? - answer✔Hydrogen
What is the percentage of hydrogen peroxide that is used? - answer✔3-13%
With internal bleaching, what are the consequences? - answer✔External resorption and
ankylosis
What does bleaching interact with periodontal tissue and bone? - answer✔Carbamide peroxide
results in the production of hydroxyl free radicals and this byproduct interacts with the
periodontal tissue and damage the root
What does the CO2 laser cut? - answer✔soft tissue
What does the diode laser cut ? - answer✔soft tissue
When is it safest to remove 3rd molars? - answer✔Middle of the 3rd decade, 25 yo to decrease
post op complications
What does the Nd:YAG cut? - answer✔Primarily soft tissue, but if the hard tissue lesion is
pigmented like caries, it can also cut some hard tissue.
What does the Er:YAG laser cut? - answer✔Hard tissue (both, but is used for hard)
What does codeine metabolize to? - answer✔Morphine
What is codeine not recommended in kids? - answer✔Genetic polymorphism (some are going
to be fast or slow metabolizers)
What layer do neural crest cells develop from? - answer✔Ectoderm
At what embryonic age does the dental lamina begin to develop? - answer✔6 weeks
What are the three components of the tooth bud? - answer✔Enamel Organ
Dental papilla
Dental sac
What are the three morphologic stages of a developing tooth bud? - answer✔Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage
During the bell stage invagination of the epithelium occurs, which layer is essential for enamel
production? - answer✔Stratum intermedium
Which cells does the stellate reticulum support and protect? - answer✔Ameloblasts
What do remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath persist as? - answer✔Rests of Malassez
What is the origin of the dental papilla? - answer✔Neural crest cells
What does the dental papilla differentiate in to? - answer✔Dentin and primordium of pulp
What are enamel pearls? - answer✔Cells of epithelial root sheath that remain attached to
dentin. Differentiate into ameloblasts and produce enamel
What are the 7 steps (in order) of histophyisological differentiation of a tooth bud? -
answer✔Initiation
Proliferation
Histodifferentiation
Morphodifferentiation
Apposition
Mineralization
Maturation
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