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Biology 152 - Ecology Exam/Questions and Answers
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Biology 152 - EcologyExam/Questions and Answers
ecology - -the scientific study of the interactions between organism and the
environment; the study of the distribution and abundance of species
- It seems highly likely that rainfall amount influences forest growth but how
would you design an experiment to test this hypothesis? - -Put shelters over
parts of a forest to create low rain treatments
- limitations to distribution - -dispersal, behavior, biotic factors, abiotic
factors
- examples of abiotic factors that could limit distribution - -chemical factors
such as water, oxygen or pH and physical factors such as temperature, light,
or soil structure
- what temperature would the earth's surface be without green house
gasses - --18 degrees Celsius
- what temperature is the earth's surface because of green house gasses - -
15 degrees Celsius
- explain the green house gas effect - -The sun sends waves to the earth,
these waves are either reflected of the earth's surface or absorbed by the
earth's surface. The waves reflected off are long-wave radiation, and they
are sometimes absorbed by green house gasses (such as H2O, CO2, and
CH4) and re-emitted in many directions; some of these go back to the earth's
surface and help heat it.
- how much sunlight is reflected off the earth's surface - -30%
- albedo - -back-scatter short-wave radiation off the earth's surface
- why do we need the cosine correction - -the earth is tilted at 23.5 degrees
- explain why the equatorial area is tropical but just 30 degrees above/below
is arid (lecture 3) - -moist air turns to rain over in the tropics and all the dry
air that's left circles up/down
- define each variable for this equation
M + Q = R + C + E + G + S - -M= metabolism
Q= radiations absorbed by the organism
R= electromagnetic radiation emitted by the organism
, C= heat lost through convection (wind)
E= transpiration (sweating)
G= conductance
S= storage
- what is the main way a leaf cools on a calm day - -transpiration (E)
- what is the main way a leaf cools on a windy day - -convection (C)
- why would a snake choose to rest on a medium size rock rather than a
large or small one - -they need to be the correct temperature since they are
cold blooded; the large rocks don't heat up enough and the small rocks heat
up too much
- population - -a group of individuals of a single species living in the same
general area
- what four processes affect population size - -births, deaths, immigration,
emigration
- demography - -the study of the vital statistics of a population and how
they change over time
- per capita rate of increase - -deltaN=(births+immigrants)-
(deaths+emigrants)
- population growth rate equation - -dN/dt=B-D
dN=change in population size
dt=time interval
B=# of births
D=# of deaths
- equation for number of births - -B=bN
B=# of births
b=per capita birth rate
N=population size
- equation for number of deaths - -D=mN
D=# of deaths
m=per capita death rate
N=population size
- per capita rate of growth - -r=b-m
r=per capita growth rate
b=per capita birth rate
m=per capita death rate
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