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NURS 401 Exam 3: Questions & Accurate Answers
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NURS 401 Exam 3: Questions & Accurate Answers
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NURS 401 Exam 3: Questions & Accurate AnswersObj. 1 Right Ans - Hypertrophy - growth that causes tissue to increase in
size by enlarging each cell.
Hyperplasia - growth that causes tissue to increase in size by increasing the
number of cells.
Neoplasia - any new or continued cell growth not needed for normal
development or replacement of dead and damaged tissues.
Benign Tumor Cells Right Ans - (Looks like parent, small nucleus, tightly
encapsulated)
-Continuous or inappropriate cell growth
Specific morphology
-Small nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio
Specific differentiated functions
-Tight adherence
No migration
Orderly growth
Normal chromosomes(23 pairs)
Malignant/ Cancer Cells Right Ans - (small roud & doesnt look like parent
cell, rapid cell growth, nucleus LARGE, non adherence (Wonders), migrates,
chromosome broken/aplopoid)
-Rapid or continuous cell division
Anaplasia (lose characteristic of parent cells or normal self)
-Large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
Specific functions lost
-Loose adherence
-Migration
No contact inhibition
-Abnormal chromosomes (aneuploidy)
lost (<23), gained (>23), or broken
Obj 2. Identify cancer types for which primary prevention is possible Right
Ans - involves avoiding exposure to known causes of cancer (tobacco,
asbestos, eating healthy choices, inc fiber, high sex partners, remove moles
suspicious, sunscreen, taking vitamin D)... secondary is early detection
, Obj. 3 Compare the cancer development processes of initiation and
promotion. Right Ans - Initiation - Step 1 in carcinogenesis. Exposure to
carcinogen which penetrates cell, damage DNA, and change or mutate the cell.
Irreversible, but only leads to cancer if cell division is not impaired.
Promotion - enhancement of growth of initiated cell. Normal hormones and
body proteins, like insulin and estrogen, can cause altered cells to divide more
frequently. Shortens the latency period. (KNOW-shortened latency)
(Initation penetration cell & damaging DNA= mutating cell. Promotion-
growth of damaged/intiated cell. cause altertered cells to decide for
frequently)
Cancer Development..
Progression & Metastasis Right Ans - Progression - increasing malignancy
over time. To become a health problem, tumor must develop it's own blood
supply: TAF; less resemblance to original initiator, increasing malignancy.
Metastasis - breaks away from primary location and establishing remote
colonies
Metastasis stepwise progression Right Ans - Extension into surrounding
tissues
Blood vessel penetration
Release of tumor cells
Invasion
Local seeding
Bloodborne metastasis
Lymphatic spread
Common sites of metastasis...
Breast, Lung & Colorectal Right Ans - *Breast- *Bone, *lung, liver, brain
(BBLL)
Lung- *Brain, bone, liver, lymph nodes, pancreas (BBLLP)
Colorectal- *Liver, lymph nodes, (LL) adjacent structures
Common sites of metastasis...
Prostate, Melanoma & Primary brain cancer Right Ans - Prostate- *Bone
(esp. spine & legs), pelvic nodes (BP)
Melanoma-GI tract, lymph nodes, lung, brain (GLLB)
Primary brain cancer- central nervous system
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