Instructor Manual: Miller, Business Law Today – Standard Edition: Text & Summarized Cases 13e 2022,
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9780357634943; Chapter 1-36 f f
InstructorManual f
Miller, Business Law Today – Standard Edition: Text & Summarized Cases 13e 2022, 9780357634943;
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Chapter 1: Law and Legal Reasoning
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Table of Contents f f
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter ....................................................................................................... 2
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Cengage Supplements................................................................................................................................... 2
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Chapter Objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 2
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Key Terms ...................................................................................................................................................... 2
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What's New in This Chapter .......................................................................................................................... 5
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Chapter Outline ............................................................................................................................................. 6
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Discussion Questions .................................................................................................................................... 9
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Additional Activities and Assignments ........................................................................................................ 10
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Additional Resources................................................................................................................................... 11
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Cengage Video Resource ......................................................................................................................... 11
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website, fin fwhole for fin fpart.
,Instructor Manual: Miller, Business Law Today – Standard Edition: Text & Summarized Cases 13e 2022,
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9780357634943; Chapter 1-36 f f
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter f f f f f
The purpose of this chapter is for students to learn how business law and the legal environment
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affect business decisions. The laws may change, but the ability to analyze and evaluate the legal (and
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ethical) ramifications of situations as they arise is an invaluable and lasting skill. Students will learn how
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to think about the law and the legal environment and develop critical-thinking and legal reasoning skills.
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Cengage Supplements f
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you in preparing
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your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
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Transition Guide (provides information about what’s new from edition to edition)
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Test Bank (contains assessment questions and problems)
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Solution and Answer Guide (offers textbook solutions and feedback)
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PowerPoint (provides text-based lectures and presentations) f f f f f
Guide to Teaching Online (provides technological and pedagogical considerations and resources
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for teaching online)
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MindTap Educator Guide (describes assets in the MindTap platform with a detailed breakdown
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of activities by chapter with seat time)
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Chapter Objectives f
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
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1.Explain how common law and civil law differ.
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2.Explain the creation and development of the common law.
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3.Explain the creation and development of statutory law.
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4. Explain how common law and civil law systems differ. f f f f f f f f
5.Define stare decisis.
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Key Terms f
Adjudicate: to render a judicial decision; adjudication is the trial-like proceeding in which an administrative
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law judge hears and resolves disputes involving an administrative agency’s regulations.
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Administrative agency: a federal, state, or local government agency created by the legislature to
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perform a specific function, such as to make and enforce rules pertaining to the environment.
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website, fin fwhole for fin fpart.
,Instructor Manual: Miller, Business Law Today – Standard Edition: Text & Summarized Cases 13e 2022,
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9780357634943; Chapter 1-36 f f
Administrative law: the body of law created by administrative agencies in order to carry out their duties
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and responsibilities.
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Administrative law judge (ALJ): one who presides over an administrative agency hearing and has the
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power to administer oaths, take testimony, rule on questions of evidence, and make determinations of
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fact.
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Administrative process: the procedure used by administrative agencies in fulfilling their three basic
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functions: rulemaking, enforcement, and adjudication.
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Allege: to state, recite, assert, or charge.
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Binding authority: any source of law that a court must follow when deciding a case.
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Case law: the rules of law announced in court decisions; case law interprets statutes, regulations,
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constitutional provisions, and governs all areas not covered by statutory or administrative law.
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Case on point: a previous case involving factual circumstances and issues that are similar to those in the
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case before the court.
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Citation: a reference to a publication in which a legal authority—such as a statute or a court decision—
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or other source can be found.
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Civil law: the branch of law dealing with the definition and enforcement of all private or public rights, as
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opposed to criminal matters.
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Civil law system: a system of law derived from Roman law that is based on codified laws (rather than on
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case precedents).
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Common law: the body of law developed from custom or judicial decisions in English and U.S. courts,
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not attributable to a legislature.
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Concurring opinion: a court opinion by one or more judges or justices who agree with the majority but
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want to make or emphasize a point that was not made or emphasized in the majority’s opinion.
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Constitutional law: the body of law derived from the U.S. Constitution and the constitutions of the
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various states.
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Criminal law: the branch of law that defines and punishes wrongful actions committed against the
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public.
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Cyberlaw: an informal term used to refer to all laws governing electronic communications and
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transactions, particularly those conducted via the Internet.
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Defendant: one against whom a lawsuit is brought (i.e., the accused person) in a criminal proceeding.
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, Instructor Manual: Miller, Business Law Today – Standard Edition: Text & Summarized Cases 13e 2022,
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9780357634943; Chapter 1-36 f f
Dissenting opinion: a court opinion that presents the views of one or more judges or justices who
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disagree with the majority’s decision.
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Enabling legislation: a statute enacted by Congress that authorizes the creation of an administrative
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agency and specifies the name, composition, purpose, and powers of the agency being created.
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Equitable maxims: general propositions or principles of law that have to do with fairness (equity).
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Historical school: a school of legal thought that looks to the past to determine what the principles of
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contemporary law should be.
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International law: law that governs relations among nations. f f f f f f f
Interpretive rules: nonbinding rules or policy statements issued by an administrative agency that explain
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how it interprets and intends to apply the statutes it enforces.
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Jurisprudence: the science or philosophy of law. f f f f f f
Law: a body of enforceable rules governing relationships among individuals and between individuals and
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their society.
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Legal positivism: a school of legal thought centered on the assumption that there is no law higher than
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the laws created by a national government; laws must be obeyed, even if they are unjust, to prevent
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anarchy.
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Legal realism: a school of legal thought that holds that the law is only one factor to be considered when
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deciding cases, and that social and economic circumstances should also be taken into account.
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Legal reasoning: the process of reasoning by which judges harmonize their opinions with the judicial
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opinions in previous cases.
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Legislative rules: administrative agency rules that carry the same weight as congressionally enacted
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statutes.
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Liability: the state of being legally responsible (liable) for something, such as a debt or obligation.
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Majority opinion: a court opinion that represents the views of the majority (more than half) of the
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judges or justices deciding the case.
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National law: law that pertains to a particular nation (as opposed to international law).
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Natural law: the oldest school of legal thought, based on the belief that the legal system should reflect
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universal (“higher”) moral and ethical principles that are inherent in human nature.
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Ordinance: a regulation enacted by a city or county legislative body that becomes part of that state’s
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statutory law.
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