Nausea etiology & clinical manifestations - ANSWER unpleasant subjective
sensation that stimulates vomiting center in the brain stem
THINK "get a DD when you're nauseous"
duodenum distention
the act of vomiting - ANSWER THINK about how it feels to vomit & what your body
does
~ physiological protective mechanism (limits damage from ingested noxious agents)
~ deep breaths-->apnea during vomiting-->epiglottis closes
~ forceful contraction of diaphragm + relaxation of GI sphincter-> expulsion
rhythmic spastic movements of diaphragm, chest walk, & abdominal muscles
Mallory-Weiss-syndrome - ANSWER tearing of the lower end of the esophageal
veins/stomach
~ typically caused by alcohol abuse
~ post GI surgical procedures (vomiting is contraindication)
non inflammatory acute diarrhea etiology - ANSWER THINK "small intestine--large
volume--no blood"
affects the small intestine
~ large volume of watery, non-bloody stools
~ general abdominal cramping & pain
e coli & c diff
inflammatory acute diarrhea etiology - ANSWER THINK "small bloody shigella"
affects the colon
~ small volume blood stool with fever (dysentery)
~ LLQ abdominal pain & urgent desire to defecate
chronic diarrhea & types - ANSWER THINK "Often Poop Super Forcefully"
associated with irritable bowel & inflammatory bowel syndrome
osmotic
secretory
factitious
parasitic infection
osmotic diarrhea - ANSWER water pulled into bowel lumen
lactase deficiency (dairy makes you poop)
secretory diarrhea - ANSWER increase in secretory process or decrease in
absorption of water & electrolytes in the small intestine
~ overgrowth of pathogens (cholera)
~ medications & tumors
factitious diarrhea - ANSWER THINK "factitious fake"
overuse of laxatives/laxative type foods
everyone carries them
~ strong immune system = no problem
~ weak immune system = problem
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller tutorsection1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
