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Chap 18- Radiation Safety and Protective Measures Questions with Solutions
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Chap 18- Radiation Safety and Protective Measures
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Chap 18- Radiation Safety andProtective Measures
Ionizing Radiation - answer radiation that has sufficient energy to produce ions (e.g. x-
rays) causes damage to living cells.
Two Sources of ionizing radiation - answer1.) Natural environment or background
radiation and 2.) Human-made radiation
Natural or background radiation - answer cosmic radiation from sun and stars,
radioactive elements in the earth such as uranium, radium, and thorium)
Natural or background radiation - answer Radioactive substance such as radio-
potassium and radiocarbon, which is found in drinking water, food, and air
Natural or background radiation - answer Amount of radio action depends greatly on
where we live
Human made radiation - answer Includes fallout from nuclear power plants, radioactive
materials used in industry, and medical and dental x-rays.
What is the source of general public exposure to human made radiation? What is the
%? - answer90% of the general public exposure comes from medical and dental x-ray
exposures.
Understanding characteristics of x-radiation, its biologic effects, and methods of
reducing patient and operatior exposure is who's responsibility? - answerThe radiologic
technologist
Erythema dose - answerUnit of measurement used in 1938, it was the amount of
radiation required to turn the sklin red. It lacked accuracy and preciseness.
roentgen (R) - answerUnit of measurement used to measure the radiation in the air in
1956. Unit of exposure for x-ray and gamma rays.
roentgen - answerThe unit amount of ionizing radiation that produces, in 1 CC of air,
ions that carry 1 electron electrostractic unit of quantity of electricity of neither poistive
or negative charge.
radiation absorbed dose - answerIn 1956, the rad was established to measure the
amount of radiation absorbed by a medium.
, Dose equivalent (rem) - answera unit that measures the biologic effects of x, alpha,
beta, and gamma radiation on humans.
Coulomb/kg (C/kg) - answerUsed in place of (R) measures of radiation in air.
curie (C) - answerdose equivalent, and activity.
Becquerel (Bq) - answerdose equivalent, and activity. SI unit used in place of curie
gray (GY) - answerSi unit of measurement used instead of rad. it's the radiation
absorded dose.
sievert (Sv) - answerthe unit of measures the biologic effect of x, alpha, beta, and
gamma radiation on humans, used instead of (rem or dose equivalent-man)
National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements
(year created, who made up the committee) - answerCreated in 1964, composed of
scientific committees the members of which are experts in theri particular field or area of
interest.
What 4 primary functions of the NCRP? - answer1). to provide information and
recommendations in the public interest about radiation measurements and protection.
2). to allow a pooling of resources from organizations of tacilitate studies in
measurements and protection.
3). to develop basic concepts about radiation protection and measurements and
develop applications of concepts.
4). Makes a concerted effort to cooperate with international governmental and private
orgs. with regard to radiation and measurement protection.
Radiation Control for Health and Safety
(define and yr.) - answerIn 1968, was an attempt to protect consumers from the hazards
of radiation producing electronic products.
U.S. Food and Drug Admin Bureau of Radiologic Health - answerResponsible for
setting and regulating radiation performance standards that involve manufacturing and
assembly of radiation-producing electronic products, and it conducts ongoing resource
in an effort to minimize exposure to patients, rad tecs, and general population.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - answerResponsible for environmental
radiologic health protection
Effective dose equivalent limits (EDE) - answerabsorded dose multiplied by the
appropriate quality factor and measured in rems.
2 Purposes of establishing of dose limits (EDE) - answer1). No-threshold concept
2). risk versus benefits relationship
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