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NESA Annual Mandatory Training Exam Questions with Solutions
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NESA Annual Mandatory Training Exam
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NESA Annual Mandatory Training ExamAntibiotics and similar drugs are called? - answer antimicrobial agents
How long have antimicrobial agents been used? - answer70 years, since 1940
What is the issue with antimicrobial agents - answer Many fungi, viruses, and parasites
(infectious organisms have become resistant to antimicrobial agent or a related class.
Name some multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) - answer Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
gram negative bacilli (GNB)
Is the prevention of MDROs the same everywhere? - answer no the prevention has to
be tailored specifically to each population and institution.
Where does antimicrobial drug resistance occur - answer Everywhere in the world... it is
not limited to industrialized nations
What happens when a patient is infected with a drug resistant organism? - answer
longer and more expensive hospital stay....
more likely to die
have to use 2nd or 3rd choice durs that can be less effective, more toxic or more
expensive
What are the trends in Drug resistance?
MRSA
Klebsiella
E. coli
Streptococcus pneumoniae - answer Increasing MRSA infections in US and globally
Multidrug reistant Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli have been isolated throughout
the US
Antibiotic-resitant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections have significantly declined,
some concerns in some areas.
What are the trends in Drug resistance?
fungi
HIV
malaria - answerAntimicrobial resistance is emerging among fungi that cause infections
in transplant patients with weak immune
Antimicrobial resistance has also been noted with some of the drugs used to treat HIV
infections and influenza.
, Antimicrobial resistance to the drugs used to treat malaria infections problem around the
world, along with resistant parasites
How to prevent spread of antimicrobial resistant infections - answeroptimal
management of vascular and urinary catheters
prevention of lower respiratory tract infection in intubated patients, accurate diagnosis of
infectious etiologies
judicious selection and utilization
spear headed by the Campaign to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance
What is antibiotic resistance - answeris the ability of bacteria or other microbes to resist
the effects of an antibiotic
Why should I be concerned about antibiotic resistance? - answerBecause the disease
can become difficult/impossible to treat. It than spreads from person to person
What is the misconception about people and medicine - answerperson's body becomes
resistant to specific drugs.
The truth...it is the microbes, not people, that become resistant to the drugs.
Why are bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics - answerBecause of repeated and
improper use of antibiotics.
Antibiotics are for bacterial infections not viral infections(common cold, most sore
throats, flu)
Smart use is the key to controlling spread of resistance.
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? - answerNatural Selection.
Mutation
Destruction
Eflux
Genetic transfer
-conjugation
-transformation
-transduction
Modes of Transmission of infectious organisms - answerContact transmission
-direct contact transmission
-indirect contact transmission
Droplet transmission
Airborne transmission
Modes of Transmission of infectious organisms
Contact transmission - answerdivided into two direct and indirect
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