APHY 101 Ch 12: Nervous System and
Nervous Tissue Ivy Tech
1. Absolute Refractory Period - ANS-During this period the membrane can not reply to in
addition stimulation.
2. Action Potential - ANS-If the graded potential reaches threshold on the axon hillock, it
triggers this capacity within the excitable membrane of the axon. It is an electrical
occasion this is because of sequential beginning and last of sodium and potassium
voltage-gated channels. It spreads along the surface of an axon closer to the axon
terminals.
3. Action Potentials - ANS-Propagated changes in the membrane ability that, once initiated,
have an effect on a whole excitable membrane. This potential depends on voltage-gated
channels.
4. Adequate stimulus - ANS-Stimulus to which a nerve receptor is most touchy. Touch for
touch receptors, mild for photoreceptors, stretch for stretch receptors, etc.
5. Afferent Fibers - ANS-Axons that convey sensory records to the CNS.
6. All or None Principle - ANS-A given stimulus either triggers an average action potential
through reaching threshold voltage, or it does now not cause one in any respect.
7. Astrocytes - ANS-These cells hold the blood-mind barrier. They additionally provide
structural support inside neural tissue; modify ion, nutrient, and dissolved gasoline
concentrations inside the interstitial fluid surrounding the neurons; take in and recycle
neurotransmitters that are not broken down or reabsorbed at synapses; and shape scar
tissue after CNS harm.
8. At the nodes of Ranvier - ANS-In myelinated axons, movement potentials take location
(at the dendrites, on the nodes of Ranvier, on the mobile frame)
9. Autonomic Nervous System - ANS-(ANS) Automatically regulates clean muscle, cardiac
muscle, glands, and adipose tissue.
10. Axolemma - ANS-A specialized part of the plasma membrane that surrounds the
cytoplasm (axoplasm) of the axon.
11. Axon - ANS-Carries records away from the cell body and toward other cells. Can convey
movement potentials because of the presence of voltage-gated channels.
12. Axon Hillock - ANS-Origin of the axon from the cellular frame.
13. Axon Terminals - ANS-The axon ends at this terminal, which is also known as synaptic
terminals, wherein the neuron communicates with other cells. Synaptic vesicles
containing neurotransmitter are gift.
14. Axons - ANS-Many neurons have thin extensions along which movement potentials can
tour quick and over lengthy distances. These extensions of the neuron are referred to as
(nerve cells, axons, dendrites).
, 15. Before the voltage-gated potassium channels - ANS-During an action capacity,
voltage-gated sodium channels open (before the voltage-gated potassium channels,
after the voltage-gated sodium channels, on the identical time because the
voltage-gated potassium channels).
16. Bipolar Neurons - ANS-These neurons have distinct strategies- one dendritic method
that branches significantly at its distal tip, and one axon with the mobile frame between
the two. These neurons are rare, but arise in special feel organs, wherein they relay
sensory facts approximately sight, scent, or hearing from receptor cells to other neurons.
17. Blood-Brain Barrier - ANS-A barrier that isolates the CNS from the chemical compounds
and hormones circulating in the blood.
18. Calcium - ANS-During an movement capacity, on the synaptic knob (chloride, calcium,
magnesium) ions enter the terminal to initiate vesicle launch.
19. Cell Body (Perikaryon) - ANS-Contains the nucleus and different organelles. Biosynthetic
middle of neuron that synthesizes proteins, membranes, and other chemical substances.
Part of receptive place and may convey graded potentials to axon hillock due to
presence of ligand-gated channels.
20. Central Nervous System - ANS-(CNS) Consists of the brain and spinal twine. It is
accountable for integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory records and motor
commands.
21. Chemical - ANS-_______________________ synapses transmit indicators from one
neuron to some other using neurotransmitters.
22. Chemical Gradient - ANS-Difference in solute attention across the plasma membrane.
23. Chemical Synapses - ANS-Synapses that rely on neurotransmitter release, are some
distance the most abundant type of synapse.
24. Continuous Propagation - ANS-The action ability seems to "circulate" along the
axolemma of an axon because it sequentially opens the voltage gated channels.
25. Dendrites - ANS-Receptive vicinity of the neuron in conjunction with the cell frame.
Receive stimuli from the environment or from other neurons. Highly branched. Typically
covered with ligand-gated ion channels. Convey incoming messages in the direction of
cell frame as graded potentials (brief distance alerts).
26. Depolarization - ANS-Any shift from the resting ability toward a more nice fee. This
applies to adjustments in potential from -70mV to smaller poor values (towards zero mV)
in addition to to membrane potentials above 0 mV.
27. Depolarized (less terrible) - ANS-An movement capacity is produced when the
membrane reaches 'threshold,' that is (hyperpolarized (more poor), depolarized (less
poor), impartial) with appreciate to resting membrane capability
28. Diffusion - ANS-Neurotransmitter crosses the synaptic cleft via
______________________.
29. Effectors - ANS-Target organs (muscle mass or glands) whose activities exchange in
response to neural commands.
30. Efferent Fibers - ANS-Axons that deliver instructions from the CNS to peripheral tissues.
31. Electrical (Ephatic) Synapse - ANS-At this synapse, the presynaptic and postsymaptic
membranes are locked together by means of gap junctions. As a end result,
modifications inside the membrane capability of 1 cell will produce neighborhood
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