Praxis PLT k-6 (ETS based questions)With Correct Answers
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Course
Praxis PLT k-6
Institution
Praxis PLT K-6
Praxis PLT k-6 (ETS based questions)With Correct Answers
Ability grouping. - Answer-The process of placing students of similar abilities into groups, and attempting to match instruction to the needs of these groups.
Authentic activity. - Answer-Approach to instruction similar to one students ...
Praxis PLT k-6 (ETS based
questions)With Correct Answers
Ability grouping. - Answer-The process of placing students of similar abilities into
groups, and attempting to match instruction to the needs of these groups.
Authentic activity. - Answer-Approach to instruction similar to one students might
encounter in the outside world.
Cognitive apprenticeship - Answer-Mentorship in which a teacher and a student work
together on a challenging task and the teacher gives guidance about how to think about
the task.
Collaboration - Answer-A philosophy about how to relate to others—how to learn and
work.
Collective self-efficacy - Answer-Shared belief of members of a group that they can be
successful when they work together on a task.
Deductive reasoning - Answer-Process of drawing a logical inference about something
that must be true, given other information that has already been presented as true.
Expository instruction - Answer-Approach to instruction in which information is
presented in more or less the same form in which students are expected to learn it.
Guided participation - Answer-A child's performance, with guidance and support, of an
activity in the adult world.
Heterogeneous ability grouping - Answer-A strategy that groups students of varied
ability instead of by grade/age level.
Inductive reasoning - Answer-Collecting data to draw a conclusion that may or may not
be true.
Learner-centered instruction - Answer-Approach to teaching in which instructional
strategies are chosen largely on the basis of students' existing abilities, predispositions,
and needs.
Learner-directed instruction - Answer-Approach to instruction in which students have
considerable say in the issues they address and how to address them.
Learning strategy - Answer-Intentional use of one or more cognitive processes for a
particular learning task.
,Problem-based learning - Answer-Classroom activity in which students acquire new
knowledge and skills while working on a complex problem similar to those in the outside
world.
Reciprocal teaching - Answer-Approach to teaching reading and listening
comprehension in which students take turns asking teacher-like questions of
classmates.
Antecedents - Answer-Stimuli that precede and induce behaviors.
Applied behavior analysis - Answer-Systematic application of stimulus-response
principles to address a chronic behavior problem.
Attributions - Answer-Personally constructed causal explanations for a success or
failure.
Attribution theory - Answer-Theoretical perspective focusing on people's explanations
(attributions) concerning the causes of events that befall them, as well as on the
behaviors that result from such explanations.
Cognitive dissonance - Answer-Feeling of mental discomfort caused by new information
that conflicts with current knowledge or beliefs
Competence - Answer-Basic need to be effective in dealing with the environment.
Contingency - Answer-Situation in which one event (e.g., reinforcement) happens only
after another event (e.g., a specific response) has already occurred (one event is
contingent on the other's occurrence).
Contingency contract - Answer-Formal agreement between teacher and student that
identifies behaviors the student will exhibit and the reinforcers that will follow.
Expectancy-value theory - Answer-Theoretical perspective proposing that human
motivation is a function of two beliefs: that one can succeed in an activity (expectancy)
and that there are direct or indirect benefits in performing the activity (value).
Functional analysis - Answer-Examination of inappropriate behavior and its antecedents
and consequences to determine one or more purposes (functions) that the behavior
might serve for the learner.
Goal theory - Answer-Theoretical perspective that portrays human motivation as being
directed toward particular goals; the nature of these goals determines the specific ways
in which people think and behave.
, Humanism - Answer-Philosophical perspective in which people are seen as having
tremendous potential for psychological growth and as continually striving to fulfill that
potential. Adherents to this perspective are called humanists
Locus of causality - Answer-The location—internal or external—of the cause of behavior
Mastery orientation - Answer-General, fairly pervasive belief that one is capable of
accomplishing challenging tasks.
Need for arousal - Answer-Ongoing need for either physical or cognitive stimulation.
Need for competence - Answer-Basic need to believe that one can deal effectively with
the overall environment.
Need for relatedness - Answer-Basic need to feel socially connected to others and to
secure others' love and respect.
Need for self-determination - Answer-Basic need to believe that one has some
autonomy and control regarding the course of one's life.
Negative reinforcement - Answer-Phenomenon in which a response increases as a
result of the removal (rather than presentation) of a stimulus.
Performance-approach goal - Answer-Desire to look good and receive favorable
judgments from others.
Performance-avoidance goal - Answer-Desire not to look bad or receive unfavorable
judgments from others.
Positive psychology - Answer-Theoretical perspective that portrays people as having
many unique qualities that propel them to engage in productive, worthwhile activities; it
shares early humanists' belief that people strive to fulfill their potential but also shares
contemporary psychologists' belief that theories of motivation must be research-based.
Positive reinforcement - Answer-Phenomenon in which a response increases as a result
of the presentation (rather than removal) of a stimulus.
Presentation punishment - Answer-Punishment involving presentation of a new
stimulus, presumably one a learner finds unpleasant.
Primary reinforcer - Answer-Consequence that satisfies a biologically built-in need.
Punishment - Answer-Consequence that decreases the frequency of the response it
follows.
Reinforcement - Answer-Act of following a response with a reinforcer.
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