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Evolve Fluid and Electrolytes Exam Review questions with correct answers
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Evolve Fluid and Electrolytes Exam Review questions with correct answers
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Evolve Fluid and Electrolytes Exam Review questionswith correct answers
Which condition stimulates release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Select all that apply.
1) Fever
2) Diarrhea
3) Decreased blood pressure
4) Decreased blood volume
5) Increased plasma osmolarity Correct Answer-2) Diarrhea
3) Decreased blood pressure
4) Decreased blood volume
5) Increased plasma osmolarity
** With fluid loss (dehydration) from vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive
sweating, a decrease in blood volume and BP often occurs, causing the
release of ADH. ADH is secreted when plasma osmolarity or circulating
blood volume decreases and BP drops. Fever generally does not trigger
the release of ADH. **
Which term describes the deep and rapid breathing that accompanies
metabolic acidosis?
1) Hypoventilation
2) Hypochloremia
,3) Isotonic respirations
4) Kussmaul respirations Correct Answer-4) Kussmaul respirations
** Respiratory system's efforts to compensate for the increase in
metabolic acids in metabolic acidosis results in Kussmaul respirations,
which are deep and rapid. Breathing rapidly is hyperventilation not
hypo. Hypochloremia, a low level of serum chloride, usually occurs with
hyponatremia or an elevated bicarbonate concentration, as in metabolic
alkalosis; it is not a type of breathing pattern. **
Which findings are associated with a serum potassium level of 3.0
mEq/L?
1) Anxiety and irritability
2) Abdominal cramping and diarrhea
3) Slow pulse and decreased urine output
4) Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias Correct Answer-4)
Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias
** The normal serum potassium level is 3.5-5 mEq/L. Moderate to
severe hypokalemia causes muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias.
Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, anxiety, irritability, slow pulse, and
decreased urine output are signs of hyperkalemia. **
Which system regulates potassium levels?
, 1) The lungs
2) The glands
3) The kidneys
4) The stomach Correct Answer-3) The kidneys
** Although potassium is found in most body fluids, the kidney is the
most efficient regulator of potassium balance. The lungs regulate carbon
dioxide. The glands regulate hormones. The stomach regulates acid
release for digestion. **
Which response will indicate a therapeutic effect after administration of
a cation exchange resin for hyperkalemia?
1) Loss of sodium in the urine
2) Loss of sodium in the stool
3) Loss of potassium in the stool
4) Loss of potassium in the urine Correct Answer-3) Loss of potassium
in the stool
** Oral or rectal administration of cation exchange resins, which
exchange sodium for potassium in the intestine, can be effective in the
treatment of hyperkalemia. Sodium would not be lost; rather, potassium
would be lost to decrease the amount in the body. **
Which condition requires close monitoring for hypokalemia?
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