Exam (elaborations)
Microbiology for Nursing-Exam 1 Questions and Answers 2024
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Microbiology for Nursing-Exam 1
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Microbiology for Nursing-Exam 1Microbes - answer Microbes/microorganisms: too small to be seen with the naked eye
(1/1000 of a mm)
Micron - answer unit of measurement for bacteria
Most studied bacteria – answer E. Coli is the most studied bacteria, they reproduce
every 20 minutes,
How do bacteria reproduce? - answer Bacteria reproduce by binary fission (exact copy
of the parent cell)
Uses for bacteria: - answer Uses for bacteria: food, oxygen, environmental, antibiotics
Microbes include: - answerbacteria, protozoans, helminths, algae, fungi, pathogenic
microbes, beneficial microbes.
Genetic Engineering - answerGenetic engineering: modify plants to make more
resistant to fungus, insects, etc. (ex. GMO)
Recombinant DNA: - answertransfer DNA to another thing to make it better (ex. Insulin
production, growth hormone, interferon)
Bioremediation: - answerusing bacteria to clean up environmental toxic spills.
Prokaryotic organisms: - answer"before nucleus," no nucleus, primitive. (ex. Bacteria)
Eukaryotic organisms: - answer"true nucleus," have nucleus, more advances. (ex.
Humans)
World health organization (WHO) - answerestimate that there are over 10 billion new
infections each year
Emerging infectious diseases (EID): - answerdiseases that have appeared within the
last 2 to 3 decades
Examples: avian flu, SARS, West Nile, BSE (mad cow), CJD (human mad cow), AIDS
Re-emerging diseases: - answerdiseases that have recently re-emerged
TB, Whooping cough, measles, post-polio syndrome
, Linnaeus: - answerFather of taxonomy, came up with binomial nomenclature( 2 name
naming)
1. Includes genus and species
System of classification: - answerDomain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,
species
1. Ex.: (for humans) Eukarya, Animalia, chordata, mammalia, primates, hominidae,
Homo, sapiens
The 5 kingdoms - answerAnimalia, plantae, monera (this is bacteria), fungi, Protista
Rules for naming: - answer1. Capitalize genus name only, not species
2. Always use italics or underline
Shapes of bacteria - answer1. Cocci: circles
2. Rods/ bacillus
3. Spirilla: spiral or wiggly
Other classifying words: - answer1. Staphylo: clusters
2. Strepto: chains
3. Diplo: 2 cocci together
4. Tetrad: 4 cocci together
Characteristics of Bacteria: - answer1. Unicellular, no bound nucleus
2. Looped shaped chromosome
3. Divide by binary fission
4. Generation time: 20-30 minutes
5. Most have peptidoglycan in cell wall
6. May have appendages like flagella that assist in mobility
Archea: - answer(type of bacteria) primitive prokaryotes, found in extreme environments
Spontaneous generation: - answerlife from nonlife
1. This is what the prevalent theory was "back in the day" (J. Huggins words)
2. Disproved by Louis Pasteur (also cured rabies, silkworm problem, invented
pasteurization)
Biogenesis: - answerlife from life
Robert Hooke - answerfirst saw cells (said they look like little boxes)
Leeuwenhoek: - answerdiscovered animalcules (protozoans in rain puddles) and
bacteria
Cohn: - answerearly work in sterilization and discovered endospores
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