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Microbiology and Parasitology Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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Microbiology and Parasitology
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Microbiology and ParasitologyWhen was the term microbiology first used - answer1860s
What four areas of study are encompassed by clinical microbiology - answer Viruses,
fungi, bacteria, and parasites
What is the difference between a pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen - answer
Pathogen: a bacteria capable of causing a disease
Opportunistic pathogen: microorganisms that invade the body and cause illness only
when the body's immune defense are impaired or absent
How do bacterial pathogens cause host damage - answer The damage is caused by
bacterial growth in tissues or y the toxins bacteria produce
What are the morphological types of bacteria - answer Coccus, bacillus, and spirochete
What are the morphological forms of fungi - answerMolds and yeast
What is a gram stain? - answerA test that uses a series of stains to differentiate the
composition of their cell walls
Gram positive- violet (retain the crystal violet stain)
Gram negative- pink (lose the crystal violet and retain the safranin)
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria - answerAerobic
bacteria grow in the presence of oxygen
Anaerobic bacteria grow in the absence or decreased levels of oxygen
How are viruses different from microorganisms? Name 3 viral diseases - answerViruses
are not living cells, and can only replicate by invading a cell, viruses can only contain
either a DNA or RNA not both
Epstein-Barr virus (mono), rubella, rhinoviruses
What type of specimen is used to detect malaria and giardia - answerMalaria requires
blood specimen
Giardia requires fecal specimen
Five methods used to help identify bacteria - answermicroscopic morphology- coccus,
bacillus, spirochete
colony morphology- how the colony grows on the plate
reactions with Gram stain and other stains,
biochemical reactions,
, gene probes
antibody reactions- antibiotic susceptibility testing
antibiotic susceptibility testing - answercan be routine like strep
only works for bacteria
finding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to inhibit the bacterial growth
fastidious bacteria - answerbacteria that require special nutritional factors to survive
immunoassay - answera diagnostic method using antigen-antibody reactions
Diagnostic Testing - answerThe standard method for isolating and identifying viruses
have been cell culture. As well as serum testing for anti-viral antibodies using enzyme
immunoassays.
What can cause contamination of a throat swab during collection? - answerTouching
the tongue and inside of the mouth will contaminate the swab with normal flora
What mistakes can occur in the collection of urine for culture? - answerThe patient can
insufficiently cleanse the area around the urethral opening and contaminate the urine
with skin microorganisms, epithelial cells and mucus
Why stool specimens in an infants disposable diaper may not grow microorganisms -
answerbecause diapers often contain bacteriostatic chemicals inhibiting
microorganisms from growing
Why should the patient rinse their mouth with water before collecting sputum sample? -
answerto reduce the number of oral bacteria present that can contaminate the sputum
sample
why is an aspirate of a wound preferred over a swab? - answerthe swab is more prone
to drying and in addition may not pick up sufficient bacteria for culture
why are both alcohol and iodine used in preparation for a blood culutre - answerif
cleansing is not thorough, skin bacteria or fungi can contaminate the culture and
produce false-positive results
3 important properties of transport systems for bacteriology specimens - answerA
container capable of providing the correct environment until the bacteria can be
inoculated, the test requisition form and specimen label
What type of culture performed to determine MRSA - answernasal swab specimen
carrier - answeran individual who harbors an organism and is capable of spreading the
organism to others, but has no symptoms or signs of disease
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