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D265 CRITICAL THINKING STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
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D265 CRITICAL THINKING STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
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D265 CRITICAL THINKING STUDY QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS UPDATED 2024 - 2025
Critical Thinking ANS - The ability to think carefully about thinking and reasoning/to be critical of your
own reasoning.
Propositions ANS - The fundamental building blocks of arguments. They are a statement that can be
true or false.
Simple propositions ANS - They have no internal logic structure, they are simply true or false based on
how the world is.
Freedom should be the highest value for its citizens. ANS - Simple proposition
Complex propositions ANS - They have internal logic structure, and whether they are true or false
depends on if their parts are true or false.
If freedom should be the highest value for its citizens, then we should promote it in our laws and
policies. ANS - Complex proposition
Argument ANS - Contains at least two statements or propositions: a conclusion and one or more
premises that lend support to the conclusion.
Premise ANS - A proposition that supports the conclusion.
Conclusion Indicators ANS - Therefore, so, it follows that, hence, thus, entails that, we may conclude
that, implies that, wherefore, as a result.
Premise Indicators ANS - Because, for, given that, in that, as, since, indicated by.
Conclusion ANS - The claim that the whole argument is intended to support or prove.
, Deduction ANS - Arguments where the premises guarantee or necessitate the conclusion.
Types of arguments that are deductive ANS - Mathematical arguments, logical arguments, arguments
from definition.
Induction ANS - Arguments where the premises make the conclusion likely to be true.
Types of arguments that are inductive/ampliative ANS - Analogies, authority, casual inferences,
scientific reasoning, extrapolations.
P1: Monty is in Bejing
P2: It is impossible to get here from Bejing in an afternoon
Conclusion: Monty won't be at the party ANS - Deductive argument
P1: Monty is really shy
P2: Monty rarely goes to parties
Conclusion: Monty won't be at the party ANS - Inductive/ampliative argument
Soundness/Validity ANS - Elements of a deductive argument
Validity ANS - If true, the premises make the conclusion true
Soundness ANS - The argument's premises guarantee the conclusion when true (Validity), and all
premises are true
Strength/Cogency ANS - Elements of an inductive argument
Strength ANS - The premises give probable support for the conclusion.
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