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HDFS 3050 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers
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HDFS 3050 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers
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HDFS 3050 Exam 2 Questions withCorrect Answers
what 4 important questions do we ask each time we do a study with infants? - Answer-
What do we study?
How do we study it?
How do we record it?
Where should we record it?
What challenges do babies present when it comes to studying their development? -
Answer-talking
what are the four main things that we study among infants - Answer-developmental
preference
discrimination
memory
how do we actually record these things - Answer-baby biography
what are baby biographies? - Answer-parents that write about their children
limitations:
bias
generalizability
typically retrospective
what are systematic observations - Answer-a consistent way to learn about infants
across numerous observation opportunities
how are systematic observations different from baby bigraphies - Answer-they are made
by people studying infants and not the parent
Various systematic recording - Answer-notebook
checklist
time sampling (frequency 20s)
event recorder (frequency, when, duration)
video tapes
,what 3 locations can we study infants in
Pro and cons - Answer-home
P: naturalistic
C: no control over environment
school
P: all babies in same environment
C: influenced by other children
Lab
P: control
C: re=activity (lab vs. home)
what are the 4 types of lab-based manipulations we talked about in class - Answer-
givng babies a choice (pref)
paired presentations (dis, pref)
habituation (often used in studies of perception and memory)
Conditioning
-training babies to respond in certain ways
-often used in studies of memory
Sensation - Answer-the passive process of bringing info from the outside world into the
body and into the brain
perception - Answer-the active process of selecting, organizing and interpreting the info
brought to the brain by the senses
how is perception characterized from 0-2 months in infancy - Answer-have the ability to
see, hear, taste, smell and feel
ecological perception
what is ecological perception - Answer-experiences that relies on direct perception
through the senses
-no overlay of though/judgement, like adult (take it as it comes in)
what is visual acuity - Answer-measure of the lens ability to focus images on the retina,
as well as the retinas ability to decode light
-at birth, 20/500, rather blurry but can see colors
-6m nearly 20/20
, can newborns recognize faces - Answer-infants change their sucking patterns when the
see their mothers face
prefer more attractive faces
what are oculomotor skills and what are they link in newborns - Answer-movement that
the eye makes to:
-follow moving objects into focus
-adjust for objects at different distances
what is scanning - Answer-their scanning is very jerky and at 2m they can follow moving
objects like adults
what is auditory sensitivity - Answer-sensitivity to sounds involves loudness and pitch
what sounds do babies prefer - Answer-sounds in the middel range
higher over lower pitches
sounds made up of more than one note
melodic sequences over a jumble of unrelated notes
what four tastes can newborns distinguish between - Answer-sweet
salty
sour
bitter
can newborns differentiate between odors - Answer-in response to unpleasant odors,
they make faces of disgust and turn away
can newborns recognize their mothers by odor - Answer-turn their heads more to a pad
with mom breast milk
breastfed infants can recognize underarm odor and perfume
are newborns sensitive to tactile stimulation - Answer-they adjust hand and mouth
movements when feeling soft vs. hard objects
they visually recognize an object they had previously touched, but not vis versa
do newborns feel pain - Answer-in response to medical procedures, infants show
increased distress and may exhibit sleep disturbances
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