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HDFS 3050 - Exam 1 Questions with Complete Answers
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HDFS 3050 - Exam 1 Questions with Complete Answers
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HDFS 3050 - Exam 1 Questions withComplete Answers
gametes - Answer-sex cells
ovum (egg) - Answer-female sex cells
sperm - Answer-male sex cells
fertilization/conception - Answer-union of egg and sperm
zygote - Answer-fertilized egg cell
twinning - Answer-1/80 pregnancies
Dizygotic (DZ) - Answer-fraternal twins - two eggs/sperm/separate sets of genetic
material - 3/4 of twins
Monozygotic (MZ) - Answer-identical twins - the fertilized zygote divides and splits into
two separate zygotes (begin as one egg and divide)
full term (gestation) - Answer-38 weeks
Germinal/Zygotic Stage - Answer-conception - 2 weeks; egg leaves ovary and enters
fallopian tube, sperm binds and enters egg, travels down fallopian tube further, begins
dividing into more cells within the egg, attaches itself to uterine wall; umbilical cord
forms
Embryonic Stage - Answer-2-12 weeks; embryo = implanted zygote; internal organs
begin to form; heart beat begins (4 weeks); appendages form; nervous and circulatory
systems organize
Fetal Stage - Answer-12-38 weeks; bones begin to harden, mom feels first kick, gender
apparent (18 weeks); senses respond; lanugo (hair); 24 weeks = 2 lbs; 28 weeks = age
of viability; 36 weeks = baby rotates
do babies learn within the womb? - Answer-YES (they know their mothers voice, they
recognize the language of their mother)
why does prenatal learning occur? - Answer-it serves as an early attachment
mechanism and orients the baby to postnatal environment
teratogens - Answer-environmental agents that can cause damage to the developing
embryo/fetus
, tobacco - Answer-lots of birth defects; premature birth; high risk of SIDS; increases risk
of heart/lung problems; miscarriage chances go up
mercury - Answer-metal found in fish, dental fillings, old thermometers; can cause brain
damage; damage to hearing and vision; damage effects on memory, attention,
language, and motor skills; tiny amounts isn't harmful, but large amounts are unsafe
lead - Answer-found in old info-structures; can cause miscarriage, reduced fetal growth,
premature birth, pregnancy hypertension, reduced offering neuro-behavioral
development (learning disorders)
benadryl - Answer-allergy medicine; no known affects; consult dr. anyway
aspirin - Answer-pain/fever/inflammation/blood thinner; 1st trimester = could cause
miscarriage, and congenital defects; 3rd trimester = increases closure of baby's heart
vessel; not recommended, but can be used in small amounts if needed
cocaine - Answer-drug; premature delivery, low birth weight, neonatal drug addiction,
behavioral/cognitive processing disorder, low head circumference
zika virus - Answer-virus from mosquitos; causes microencephaly, developmental
deficits
caffeine - Answer-stimulant; low birth weight, high miscarriage, high blood pressure in
mother and fetus, harder to get pregnant; okay in moderation, no more than 200 mg or
12 oz a day
alcohol - Answer-deformities of face, arm, legs, heart conditions, intellectual disabilities;
more common: behavioral issues, cognitive deficits, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (can
cause deformities)
antidepressants - Answer-if taken during 3rd trimester = could affect baby for up to one
month after birth, jitters, irritability, poor feeding, respiratory distress; no long term
affects
accutane - Answer-acne treatment; heart defects, eyewear abnormalities,
microencephaly, facial dysmorphia, cleft pallet
teratogens are influenced by ? - Answer-dose (larger dose, more negative effects),
genetics (some affected more than others), age at time of exposure (sensitive periods)
sensitive periods in development - Answer-the period in time in which teratogens will
have the most negative impact on a developing organism
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