What two major hormones does the Islet of Langerhans secrete? - ANSWER Insulin (beta cells) and glucagon (alpha cells)
What is the act of insulin? - ANSWER allows sugar into the cell
What is the act of glucagon? - ANSWER allows sugar out of the cell
What is glucose regulation ? - ANSWER ma...
What two major hormones does the Islet of Langerhans secrete? - ANSWER Insulin (beta cells) and
glucagon (alpha cells)
What is the act of insulin? - ANSWER allows sugar into the cell
What is the act of glucagon? - ANSWER allows sugar out of the cell
What is glucose regulation ? - ANSWER maintaining blood glucose levels
What is glycogen? - ANSWER the stored form of glucose in the liver and muscle cells, used when blood
sugar drops
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER breakdown of glycogen to glucose
What are counter-regulatory hormones? - ANSWER oppose the action of other hormones and raise
blood sugar (glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol)
What is insulin? - ANSWER facilitates glucose metabolism and is produced/stored by the pancreatic beta
cells
What is insulin resistance? - ANSWER body cells respond abnormally to insulin
What is glucogenesis? - ANSWER producing glucose from non-carbohydrate resources where the body
breaks down proteins and fats for energy
What is euglycemia? - ANSWER normal blood glucose levels (79-99 fasting) (100-140 2 hrs post prandial)
What is hyperglycemia? - ANSWER high blood glucose levels (+100 fasting) (+140 2 hour post prandial)
, What is hypoglycemia? - ANSWER low blood glucose levels -70
Risks for impaired glucose regulation - ANSWER age, african american/asian race, family history, lifestyle,
medical risk factors, medications
Hyperglycemia short term consequences - ANSWER dehydration, inadequate glucose reaching cells
Hyperglycemia long term consequences - ANSWER End-organ disease due to microvascular damage
(Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Peripheral neuropathy)
Macrovascular angiopathy
(Hypertension, Cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease)
What causes hypoglycemia? - ANSWER insufficient nutritional intake, adverse reaction to medication,
excessive exercise
S/S of hypoglycemia (TIRED) - ANSWER Tremors, tachycardia
Irritability, impaired vision
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