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NTP666 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+

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NTP666 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ behavioral definition of Consciousness - The availability of of a rich behavioral repertoire Functional Definition of Consciousness - The ability to perform certain cognitive functions Neurological definition of consciousness - Brain...

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  • November 1, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
NTP666 Exam 1 Questions and Answers

100% Solved | Graded A+


behavioral definition of Consciousness - ✔✔The availability of of a rich

behavioral repertoire

Functional Definition of Consciousness - ✔✔The ability to perform certain

cognitive functions

Neurological definition of consciousness - ✔✔Brain activity with behavior

Neural Correlate of Consciousness - ✔✔The minimal neuronal

mechanisms jointly sufficient for any one conscious perception

Specific NCC - ✔✔And physical mechanisms (neurons) whose activity

determines a particular phenomenal distinction within an experience. There

is a one to one correspondence between an experience and a NCC

Full NCC - ✔✔Physical substrate supporting conscious experience in tier

entirety

Theoretical - ✔✔An experience is a cause-effect structure

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
A theory of consciousness should have - ✔✔Should have as a scope

consciousness as subjective experience



Should be logical and self-consistent



Should account for known facts about consciousness and the brain



Should make testable predictions (ideally using a mathematical framework)

allowing researchers to further challenge it or validate it in counter-intuitive

cases

Neuroscience techniques to investigate consciousness - ✔✔Lesion studies

- Causal/strong evidence for any given structure, but plasticity may lead to

functional reorganization in chronic cases



Stimulation studies: perturbational - immediate effects provide strong

evidence for a given structure being causally involved but not specific

effects may be related to network recruitment



Recording and Neuroimaging Studies: Correlational - can help study a

large number of different conditions but evidence is correlational

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Strong Evidence so far - ✔✔Cerebellum or hippocampus not NCC

Cortico-thalmic system is important

Posterior brain regions are important

Feedback connections are important

Debate goes on - ✔✔Role of the striatum

Role of the thalamus

Role of the claustrum

Role of primary versus higher-level cortical regions

Role of prefrontal cortex

Role of different cell types or cortical layers

Cortico-thalamic system - ✔✔Widespread lesions of the cortico-thalamic

region causes irreversible coma



Ablation of Cerebellum does not cause loss of consciousness



Hippocampal lesions does not cause loss of consciousness but impair

some consciousness contents



Bilateral basal ganglia lesions/degeneration do not cause unconsciousness

, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Cortex vs activating systems - ✔✔Ach increases during REM sleep

But arousal in VG state

Dreaming 2/3 of the time in NREM

Claustrum stimulation causes unconsciousness

But bilateral claustrum lesion do not cause unconsciousness

Cortex vs Thalamus - ✔✔Coma/VS can be observed after bilateral thalamic

lesions but these lesions also recruit neighboring white matter tracks to the

brain stem and arousal centers



Pure thalamic lesions do not cause coma



Loss of consc during anesthesia coincides with cortical slowing while

thalamus is awake.



During REM sleep there is preserved cortical arousal while the thalamus

sleeps

Primary vs higher level cortical areas - ✔✔V1 can track stimulus properties

but less reliably consciousness contents



Lesions in V1 can induce blindsight

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