NTP 677 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
100% Solved | Graded A+
What are EEG characteristics of wake ? - gamma and beta
alpha rhythm
Low voltage, high frequency
What are EEG and EOG characteristics of N1 sleep? - Relatively low
voltage
mixed frequency EEG
slow-rolling eye movements
What are E...
In the LC, how is projection targets organized? - ✔✔caudal neurons go to
spine, rostral neurons go to frontal areas
What happens to the rostral-caudal gradient of the LC with age? -
✔✔increased asymmetry
general decrease in rostral connections
When do LC neurons fire in wake? - ✔✔Salient/novel stimuli
When do LC neurons fire in sleep staging? - ✔✔Mostly in wake (oscillatory)
Much less in NREM (oscillatory negative correlation with spindles)
Silent in REM (declines monotonically)
Increased levels with microarousals
What happens with LC neurons at the REM to wake transition? - ✔✔They
fire a few seconds before muscle tone returns and EEG activates
WHat is halorhodopsin? - ✔✔A chloride-specific yellow light-gated ion
channel
What is channelrhodopsin 2? - ✔✔Cation pump sensitive to blue light
What is the optogenetic findings in LC neurons? - ✔✔Stimulation induces
EEG activation and behavioral arousal
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