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PORTH'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CONCEPTS OF ALTERED HEALTH STATES 11TH EDITION TOMMIE L. NORRIS TEST BANK
PORTH'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CONCEPTS OF ALTERED HEALTH STATES 11TH EDITION TOMMIE L. NORRIS TEST BANK
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PORTH'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CONCEPTS OFALTERED HEALTH STATES 11TH EDITION TOMMIE
L. NORRIS TEST BANK
Page 1
, CH 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments
made by Nursing attendants during a discussion session, which statements would be
considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book
reviews and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis hospital patients to and from their
hemodialysis sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
PRECISE CHOICE:- A, B, C, E
Reasoning:->>>
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of illness and infirmity.” Engaging in
book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate
physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
physical well-being even though the person has a chronic illness. Handwashing is vital
in the prevention of illness and spread of germs.
2. A community health Nursing attendant is teaching a group of recent graduates
about the large variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack
thereof. The Nursing attendant is referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as a teaching example. Of the
following aspects discussed, which would be considered a determinant of health
that is outside the focus of this report?
A) The hospital patient has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native
American descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize
effects of stress.
B) The hospital patient has a family history of cardiovascular illness related to
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The hospital patient has a good career with exceptional preventative primary health care
benefits.
D) The hospital patient lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with
access tomany primary health care facilities.
PRECISE CHOICE:- B
Reasoning:->>>
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
promoting health for all (which includes having good primary health care benefits); and
promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access to
health care). A hospital patient's noncompliance with treatments to control high
cholesterol levels within the presence of a family history of CV illness does not meet
the “attaining lives free of preventable illness and premature death” determinant.
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of hospital patients on a medical unit of a
large, university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the
differentiation between illnesss that are caused by abnormal molecules and illnesss
that cause illness. Which of the following hospital patients most clearly demonstrates
the consequences of molecules that cause illness?
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
packed red blood cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
familial hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
therapy and chest physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and
is HIV positive.
PRECISE CHOICE:- D
Reasoning :->>>PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to
illness. Sicklecell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all
examples of the effects of abnormal molecules.
4. A member of the primary health care team is researching the etiology and
pathogenesis of a number of hospital patients who are under his care in a hospital
context. Which of the following aspects of hospital patients' situations best
characterizes pathogenesisrather than etiology?
A) A hospital patient who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A hospital patient who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A hospital patient who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) A hospital patient with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a
motor vehicleaccident PRECISE CHOICE:- B
Reasoning:->>>Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of illness,
such as theincreasing ammonia levels that accompany liver illness. Bacteria, poisons, and
traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
5. A new myocardial infarction hospital patient requiring angioplasty and stent
placement has arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first
session, a review of the pathogenesis of coronary artery illness is addressed. Which
statement by the hospital patient verifies to the Nursing attendant that he has
understood the Nursing attendant's teachings about coronary artery illness?
A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
French fries every day.”
C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.”
PRECISE CHOICE:- C
Reasoning:->>>The true etiology/cause of coronary artery illness (CAD) is unknown;
however, the
Page 3
, pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process
froma fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary
artery illness. Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in
fat, and lack of exercise.
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inhospital patient admitted for exacerbation of his
chronic obstructive pulmonary illness (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is
assessing the hospital patient for the first time. Which of the following aspects of the
hospital patient's current state ofhealth would be best characterized as a symptom
rather than a sign?
A) The hospital patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B) The hospital patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the hospital patient's lower
lung fields bilaterally.
D) The hospital patient's respiratory rate is 31
breaths/minute. PRECISE CHOICE:- B
Reasoning:->>>Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the
health problem, such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to
breath sounds, and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of illness.
7. Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a illness or
outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation
B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due
to intestinal aganglionosis
C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an
antibiotic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma
D) Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a hospital patient
diagnosed withParkinson illness
E) Loss of short-term memory in a hospital patient diagnosed with
Alzheimer illnessPRECISE CHOICE:- A, C
Reasoning:->>>Development of pulmonary emboli and pulmonary fibrosis following
chemotherapy areboth examples of a complication (adverse extensions of a illness or
outcome from treatment). It is normal to expect incisional pain following surgery. As
Parkinson illness progresses, the inability to walk independently is expected. This is a
normal progression for people diagnosed with Parkinson's. Loss of short-term memory in
a hospital patient diagnosed with Alzheimer illness is an expected finding.
8. Laboratory testing is ordered for a client hospital patient during a clinic visit for a
routine follow-up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the
Nursing attendant knows that
A) a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve.
B) if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
C) all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D) if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is
illness free.
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